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1、CHAPTERIINTRODUCTIONIntheprecedingdivisionsofthisworkthegroundhasbeensufficientlyclearedtoenableustoproceed,withconsiderableexplicitnessandsatisfaction,tothepracticaldetail:inotherwords,toattemptthetracingoutthatapplicationofthelawsofgeneraljusticewhichmaybestconducetothegradualimpro
2、vementofmankind.Ithasappearedthatanenquiryconcerningtheprinciplesandconductofsocialintercourseisthemostimportanttopicuponwhichthemindofmancanbeexercised;(1*)that,upontheseprinciples,wellorillconceived,andthemannerinwhichtheyareadministered,thevicesandvirtuesofindividualsdepend;(2*)th
3、atpoliticalinstitution,tobegood,musthaveconstantrelationtotherulesofimmutablejustice;(3*)andthatthoserules,uniformintheirnature,areequallyapplicabletothewholehumanrace.(4*)Thedifferenttopicsofpoliticalinstitutioncannotperhapsbemoreperspicuouslydistributedthanunderthefourfollowinghead
4、s:provisionsforgeneraladministration;provisionsfortheintellectualandmoralimprovementofindividuals;provisionsfortheadministrationofcriminaljustice;andprovisionsfortheregulationofproperty.Undereachoftheseheadsitwillbeourbusiness,inproportionasweadheretothegreatandcomprehensiveprinciple
5、salreadyestablished,rathertoclearawayabusesthantorecommendfurtherandmorepreciseregulations,rathertosimplifythantocomplicate.Aboveallweshouldnotforgetthatgovernmentis,abstractedlytaken,anevil,anusurpationupontheprivatejudgementandindividualconscienceofmankind;andthat,howeverwemaybeobl
6、igedtoadmititasanecessaryevilforthepresent,itbehovesus,asthefriendsofreasonandthehumanspecies,toadmitaslittleofitaspossible,andcarefullytoobserve,whether,inconsequenceofthegradualilluminationofthehumanmind,thatlittlemaynothereafterbediminished.Andfirstwearetoconsiderthedifferentprovi
7、sionsthatmaybemadeforgeneraladministration;including,underthephrasegeneraladministration,allthatshallbefoundnecessary,ofwhathasusuallybeendenominated,legislativeandexecutivepower.Legislationhasalreadyappearedtobeatermnotapplicabletohumansociety.(5*)Mencannotdomorethandeclareandinterp
8、retlaw;norca
