呼吸系统药理学医学.ppt

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1、Antitussives,expectorants,andantiasmaticdrugsXimeiWuM.D.,Ph.D.Dept.ofpharmacology,ZJUMSDrugsactingonrespiratorysystemCoughantitussivedrugscentrallyactingperipherallyactingSputumexpectorantdrugssputum-dilutingdrugsmucolyticdrugsAsthmaantiasthmaticdrug

2、sbronchialdilatorsreceptoragoniststheophyllinesmuscarinicantagonistsanti-inflammatorydrugsglucocorticosteroidsmediatorreleaseinhibitors1.AntitussivesCentrallyactingAddictivedrugs:codeine可待因Non-addictivedrugs:dextromethorphan右美沙芬pentoxyverine喷托维林(咳必清

3、)Peripherallyactingbenzonatate苯佐那酯Codeine可待因1.Pharmacologicaleffectssupressionofcoughanalgesia2.ClinicalusesCoughwithoutsputum3.AdverseeffectsRespiratorydepression(atlargerdoses)AddictionContraindicatedinpatientswiththicksputumDextromethorphan右美沙芬1.P

4、harmacologicaleffectssupressionofcoughmuscarinicandNMDAreceptorantagonism2.ClinicalusesUpperrespiratoryinfection,coughwithoutsputum3.AdverseeffectsAtropine-likesideeffectsContraindicatedinpatientswithglaucoma,pregnancy(<3m),psychoticdisorders,etc.Pen

5、toxyverine喷托维林(咳必清)PharmacologicaleffectsSupressionofcoughMuscarinicantagonismandlocalanestheticeffectsUsesandadverseeffectsaresimilartodextromethorphanBenzonatate苯佐那酯PharmacologicaleffectsPeripherallyactingBlockingcoughreflexLocalanestheticeffectsCN

6、Sdepression2.ExpectorantsSputum-dilutingdrugsStimulatingbronchialsecretionAmoniumchloride氯化铵Potassiumiodide碘化钾MucolyticdrugsBromhexine溴己新Ambroxol氨溴索Acetylcysteine乙酰半胱氨酸Methylcysteine美司坦Carbocisteine羧甲司坦Mesna美司钠3.AntiasthmaticdrugsAsthmaAsthmaisphysio

7、logicallycharacterizedbyincreasedresponsivenessofthetracheaandbronchitovariousstimuliandbywidespreadnarrowingoftheairwaysthatchangesinseverityeitherspontaneouslyorasaresultoftherapy.Itspathologicfeaturesarecontractionofairwaysmoothmuscle,mucosalthick

8、eningfromedemaandcellularinfiltration,andinspissationintheairwaylumenofabnormallythick,viscidplugsofmucus.Symptom:dyspnea,wheezing,stridor,coughing,aninabilityforphysicalexertion.Thecoughmaysometimesproduceclearsputum.Betweenepisodes,mostpatientsfeel