【江苏专版】2020高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练 第1部分 专题3 类型3　科普知识 含解析.doc

《【江苏专版】2020高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练 第1部分 专题3 类型3　科普知识 含解析.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、类型3

2、科普知识考查要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等.2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等.3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变.4．相似事物间的异同.1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序.2．把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式.3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比较、打比方等.(2016·江苏高考·C)ElNio，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwoto

3、sevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNioseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi

4、os，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNioin1997－98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsar

5、einflames.Amulti－yeardrought(干旱)insouth－eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutByElNiomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNio，in1997－98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.But

6、suchNioscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster－relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidenceth

7、atadollarspentonrisk－reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineaft

8、erfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNio'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisaste