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1、Grammar构词法(一)(WordFormation)高考英语语法总复习Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!Guessthemeaning!How?Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上
2、下文,语境)isalsoveryimportant.根据构词法猜词1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet.首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小结dis+honest不诚实的speech+less说不出话的pick+pocket扒手构词法
3、派生法(Derivation)合成法(Compounding)转化法(Conversion)缩略法(Abbreviation)ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY合成词Compoundpain-killer+=止痛药+=color-blind色盲+=sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker一、合成法(Compounding)highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新
4、词。合成词汇展厅一.合成名词seafoodgreenhouse二.合成动词overcomewhitewash三.合成形容词snow-whiteman-made四.合成副词however;anyway五.合成代词something;everything六.合成介词withininsidefire+fighter=firefighterfriend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seasideMakecompoundwordsafterth
5、emodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,friend,B:side,fighter,ship,by,known,Model:part+time=part-timePracticeI二、转化法(Conversion):指一个词不变词形,而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送{.WealwayswalkhandinhandPleasehandmethebook.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转
6、化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话→打电话slow慢的→放慢front前面→前面的down向下→击倒hand手→交给warm暖的→使温暖black黑色→黑色的back向后→后退record录音→记录empty空的→倒空noble贵族→高贵的up向上→提高date日期→定日期better较好→改善key钥匙→关键的name名字→命名cool凉爽→使冷face脸→面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美的chief主要的→首领thewoun
7、ded受伤的人们study学习→书房fit适合→适合的first第一的→第一个theblind盲人们lookat→havealookatwrong错误的→错误thebeautiful美丽的东西转化法例释三、派生法Derivation指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词派生法前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀加前缀:happy---___happy加后缀:develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀:employ---____employ_______注意:派生词的前
8、缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化.unmentunment派生词(derivation)Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesover