词性转换规律.ppt

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词性转换规律临川二中孙如峰 英语词性/形的重要性英语是重形的分析语,英语的多变在于其有严密的语法结构与多变的句型。句型结构多变的原因之一,是词性/形多变。词性变化导致句子结构变化。新考高考模式下对词性的要求加大。如语法填空，改错都涉及到词性转换。书面表达同样要求准确表达。基本单词词性的掌握有利于类推词性扩大词汇量 很可怕吗？词性转换主要涉及n.v.adj.adv.转换及部分pron.num.的变形。考察的是考纲基本词汇的变形。应对策略：基本词的派生要熟悉，多读。了解词性派生的基本规律。 常见词性转换考法（语法填空和改错）1.V.n.adj.V.2.Adj.adv.n.Adj.v.opp.adj 常见词性转换规律1.adj—n.的常见后缀-nessEg，happy—happinesskindnesssicknesssadnesscarefulness-(t)y常加在t结尾的adj后。Eg，certaintyroyaltyloyaltynoveltysafetydifficultymodestyhonesty；deliverydiscoveryrecoverybravery-ity加ity在r结尾的adj后。Eg，popularity，similaritymajorityminorityfamiliaritymaturitysinceritynecessitypoor—povertycreativitycuriositydiversityvarietysociety adj—n.的常见后缀ent/ant—ence/ance.Eg,present-presenceabsencesilencedifferencepatienceintelligenceconfidencediligenceevident-evidenceimportancesignificancedistanceent-encyefficiencyfluencyfrequencycurrencyemergencyurgencyaccuracy-able---abilitypossibilityresponsibility adj—n.的常见后缀-domwisdomboredomfreedomkingdom-thwarmthtruthdepthwidthbirthdeathgrowthlengthstrengthheightweightcomplaint v.—n.的常见后缀-mentEg，amazementamusemententertainmentexcitementastonishmentarrangementjudgementargumentachievementdevelopmentadjustmentpunishmentpublishmentemployment-(at)ion.predictionadoptionadaptationeducationreflectionattractionactionrejectionconsiderationcombinationexplorationpublicationimitationimplicationsimplificationcreationrelaxationfixationoccupationstarvationobservationmotivationimpressionexpressiondepressionrealizationorganization特例compare–comparisonobey-obligationsatisfactionrecognitionapplicationLaughter v.—n.的常见后缀-ance加动词后appearanceassistanceresistanceacceptancerelianceignorancepreferencereferenceoccurrenceconsequenced(e)结尾的动词变为sion。decide-decisionconclusionpersuasiondivisioninclusionexpansionexplosiond-seapplauseresponseve/se结尾的动词变为val/sal。survivalarrivalapprovalproposalrefusaldisposalBelive—beliefrelieve--relief -agepostagepackagecarriagestorageshortage 特例的少数情况AngryangerhungryhungerPermissionsubmissionadmissionomissionplease—pleasurefailurepressuremixturescribe结尾的变为ption。Descriptionsubscriptionabsorptionsume变sumptionconsumptionassumptionresumption 变adj-ycloudysunnyfunnyrainysnowystormymuddymessydirtydustythirstygreedy-alseasonalculturalnaturalnationaloriginalemotionalmentalprofessionaloccasionalaccidental-calphysicalmagicallogicalmagical、medical-cialracialfacialbeneficialfinancialartificialessentialinfluencialsocial-icbasicscientificenergeticeconomichistoricelectricscenicoptimisticpessimistic 变adj-ful/lessjoyfulcheerfulwonderfulsuccessfulthoughtfulgratefulpainfulusefulharmfulhelpfulcolorfulmeaningfulhopefulpitifulmercifulcarefulhomelessendlessjobless 变adj-able多加在动词后变能够...acceptablesuitablereliableadjustableadaptableadoptableunbelievableunforgettableunacceptableunpredictablehonorablerenewableConsiderable-ousdangerouscuriouscautioushumorousgloriousvarious-iveimpressivedecisivepersuasiveattractivecreativeprotectivesupportive 变adj（动词后加ed或ing）-ingsurprisingexcitingdisappointinginterestingamazingamusinginspiringmovinginvitingcharmingencouraginginspiringchallengingunderstandinglackingoutstandingEnergy/time-saving/consumingpeace-lovinglong-lastingeasy-goinggood-looking-edsurprisedexciteddisappointedinterestedamazedamusedinspiredmovedunexpectedadmittedhurriedundoubtedunemployedappointedtalented、giftedopen-mindedwarm-heartedabsent-mindedopen-endedman-made 变动词的后缀en-un--ize-(i)fy-enenrichenableenlargeensureendangerencourageunloaduncoverunfoldunpackuncageunlockrealize,organizerecognizeapologize,modernizesimplifybeautifysatisfyclarifyclassifyidentifypurifydeepenbroadenwidenshortenlengthenthreaten 常见特定含义的前缀Dis-disobeydisappeardislikedisagreedisorderdisadvantageMis-mistakemisusemisleadmisreadmisunderstandRe-retellrewriterebuildreplacerecyclereusePre-previewpredictprereadpreschool unfold,unlockuncage 形容词变副词一般规律:通常是加ly.请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。一般情况直接加“ly”,(含以e结尾的和l结尾的形容词)quickly/recently/sadly;fortunately/widely/wisely/immediately/safely/politely/sincerely/bravely,carefully/faithfully/peacefully,really/totally/naturally/fianlly/especially;hopefully与hopelesslyhurriedly,suddenly,特例true-truly Adj-adv以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：simple-simply;possible-possibly;probable-probably;terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;comfortable-comfortably以-ll结尾时，只须加–yfull-fully,dull-dully; Adj-adv以辅音加“y”结尾的，将“y”改成“i”加“ly”happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily;lucky-luckilyeasilynecessarilyVS.shy-shylydry--dryly以ic结尾的词，加ally，basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;economic-economically;automatically;特例public-publicly。