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1、ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyardByThomasGray(1716-1771)1.TypeofWork"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard"is—asthetitleindicates—anelegy.Suchapoemcentersonthedeathofapersonorpersonsandis,therefore,somberintone.Anelegyislyricalratherthannarrative—thatis,itsprimarypurposeistoex
2、pressfeelingsandinsightsaboutitssubjectratherthantotellastory.Typically,anelegyexpressesfeelingsoflossandsorrowwhilealsopraisingthedeceasedandcommentingonthemeaningofthedeceased'stimeonearth.Gray'spoemreflectsonthelivesofhumbleandunheralded未为人所知的peopleburiedinthecemetery
3、墓地ofachurch.2.Setting（timeandplace）Thetimeisthemid1700s,aboutadecadebeforetheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinEngland.Theplaceisthecemeteryofachurch.EvidenceindicatesthatthechurchisSt.Giles,inthesmalltownofStokePoges,Buckinghamshire,insouthernEngland.Grayhimselfisburiedinthatc
4、emetery.WilliamPenn,thefounderofPennsylvania,oncemaintainedamanor领地houseatStogePoges.3.YearsofCompositionandPublicationGraybeganwritingtheelegyin1742,putitasideforawhile,andfinisheditin1750.RobertDodsleypublishedthepoeminLondonin1751.Revisedoralteredversionsofthepoemappe
5、aredin1753,1758,1768,and1775.CopiesofthevariousversionsareonfileintheThomasGrayArchiveatOxfordUniversity.4.Meter节拍andRhyme韵律SchemeGraywrotethepoeminfour-linestanzas(quatrains).Eachlineisiniambicpentameter,meaningthefollowing:1.Eachlinehasfivepairsofsyllablesforatotalofte
6、nsyllables.2.Ineachpair,thefirstsyllableisunstressed(orunaccented),andthesecondisstressed(oraccented),asinthetwolinesthatopenthepoem:TheCURfewTOLLStheKNELLofPARTingDAYTheLOWingHERDwindSLOWlyO'ERtheLEAIneachstanza,thefirstlinerhymeswiththethirdandthesecondlinerhymeswithth
7、efourth(abab),asfollows:a..Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday, b..Thelowingherdwindslowlyo'erthelea,a..Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway, b..Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落，耕地人累了，回家走，脚步踉跄，把整个世界给了黄昏与我。5.StanzaForm:HeroicQuatrain英雄体四行诗Astanz
8、awiththeabove-mentionedcharacteristics—fourlines,iambicpentameter,andanababrhymescheme—isoftenreferredt
