花园城市理论-英文.ppt

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1、GardenCityMovementSchoolofEnvironmentandPlanning01Background02ThethoeryofGardencity03ThecommentofGardencity04ConclusionContentⅠ.BackgroundIn1898,socialreformerEbenezerHowardpromulgatedaschemetobuildnewtownsratherthanaddpopulationtothealreadylargecities,calledthegardencityplan.SirEbenezerH

2、oward(1850-1928)AnineteenthcenturyBritishsocialreformerInspiredbytheutopiannovelLookingBackwardandHenryGeorge'sworkProgressandPoverty,HowardpublishedhisbookTo-morrow:aPeacefulPathtoRealReformin1898(whichwasreissuedin1902asGardenCitiesofTo-morrow).Ⅱ.ThetheoryofGardenCityThegardencitymoveme

3、ntisamethodofurbanplanningthatwasinitiatedbySirEbenezerHowardintheUnitedKingdom.Gardencitieswereintendedtobeplanned,self-containedcommunitiessurroundedby"greenbelts",containingproportionateareasofresidences,industry,andagriculture.GardencityNewcityCentralcity&townsTohouse32000peopleonasit

4、eof6000acres(24sqkm)Self-sufficienti.e.socially,economicallyandenvironmenttallysustainable.BeinterconnectedthroughamasstransitsystemDividedbygreenbeltsServedbyintegratedtrafficsystemsHoward'smapsareclearlydiagrammaticandintendedasflexibleframeworks,adjustabletoparticularsites,withinwhichi

5、ndividualtasteandpreferencecouldbegivenfreeexpression,especiallyinarchitectureanddesign.TheThreeMagnetTownSchoolopportunityPlaceofamusementbetterjobClosingoutofnatureCrowdeddwellingsPollutionHighlivingcostCountryBeautyofnatureIsolationofcrowdsNopollutionLacksocialopportunityLackofplacesof

6、amusementlessjobopportunityLowsalaryAsHowardpicturedit,“eachinhabitantofthewholegroup,thoughinonesenselivinginatownofsmallsize,wouldbeinrealitylivingin,andwouldenjoyalltheadvantagesofagreatandmostbeautifulcity;andyetallthefreshdelightsofthecountry.”Ⅲ.CommentsofHoward'stheoryHoward’sideash

7、avebeenregardedashighlyadvancedforhistime.Understandingofthegardencitythusrequirescloseconsiderationofurbanandruralconditionsandoftheperceptionsofsocialissuesbythereformersofthattime.Asapropositionabouturban-ruralstructure,thetheoryofHoward'sgardencityhasimportantin