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1、LudwigvanBeethovenHewasbornintheGermantownofBonnonthe16thofDecember1770.HisgrandfatherLudwigandhisfatherJohannwerebothmusicians.JohannwastoactaslittleLudwig'sfirstmusicteacher,butLudwigsoonchangedtothecourtorganistC.G.Neefe.Passingelevenyearsofage,LudwigdeputizedforNeefe,andat
2、twelvehadhisfirstmusicpublished.HethenstayedasNeefe'sassistantuntil1787,whenatseventeen,hetookoffforVienna.EventhoughViennawastobehishomefortherestofhislife,thisfirstvisitwasshort.Onhearingthathismotherwasdying,hequicklyreturnedtoBonn.FiveyearslaterhefinallymovedtoViennatolive
3、andwork. Afterarrivingin1792hestudiedcompositionandcounterpointunderHaydn,Schenk,SalieriandAlbrechtsberger.Atthesametime,hetriedtoestablishhimselfaspianistandcomposer.Hisgoodrelationswiththetownsaristocracysoonledtoasecuredincome.In1809,withthesoleconditionthathestayedinVienna
4、,PrinceKinsky,PrinceLobkowitzandArchdukeRudolpevenguaranteedBeethovenayearlyincome.Butgoingbacktotheyearsaround1800,whichistraditionallycalledtheearlyperiod,hewasstilltryingtomasterthehighclassicalstyle.Thisstriveculminatedinthesecondsymphonyfrom1801-1802. Thisisalsothetimewhe
5、nthemiddleperiodstarts.Fromnowupuntil1813,Beethovendevelopsandenhancesthehighclassicalstyleintoamoredynamicandindividualisticstyle.ItisnowthathewritessymphoniesNr.3-8,pianoconsertNr.5andalotofchambermusic.Butashelearnstocontrolhiscraftanddevelopthemusicintonewundiscoveredgroun
6、ds,healsosuffersfromremindersofthepainsofreallife.Hehasearlyinlifediscoveredthathishearingwasn'twhatitshouldbe,andthedisordergetsworseastimegoesby.ItgetstothepointwhereBeethovenisthinkingofendinghislifeasheseesnowayoutofhisdespair.Thatfactisdocumentedintheletterhewrotetohisbro
7、thersin1802,thesocalled"HeiligenstadtTestament".Thishearingdisorderseemstohaveaffectedhissociallifetoagreatextent.2用心爱心专心Hebecamedifficulttohandleinsocialinteractionsandcouldsuddenlyburstintooutbreaksofangerandshowbadtemperwhereheusuallyinsultedsomeone.Ifthatisthereasonforhist
8、roubleswithwomen,oriftheirissomethingtraumatichiddeninhischil
