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1、WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)AboutShakespeareOneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetsintheworldOneofthefirstfoundersofrealism;amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelationsBenJonson“hewasnotofanage,butforalltime”2longpoems,38/39plays,154sonnetsShakespeare’sWriting
2、Career1.Thefirstperiod(1590-1594)—ItisShakespeare’speriodofapprenticeship.2.Thesecondperiod(1595-1600)matureperiodof“greatcomedies”andhistoricalplays.3.The3rdperiod(1601-1607)theperiodof“greattragediesanddarkcomedies.hisgreatesttragedies—Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.4.The4
3、thperiod(1608-1612)periodofromanticdrama.1.Apprenticeship见习期Theearlyyearswereyearsofhisapprenticeship,datingfrom1592to1594.Duringthisperiodhewrotehisearlyhistoryplaysorhistoriesandagroupofcomedies.TheyareKingHenryVIinthreeparts(1590-1592),RichardIII(1593),TwoGentlemenofVerona(15
4、94),andLove’sLabourLost(1594).Thisisaperiodofexperimentation.Itismarkedbyimitationofexistingplays,bythespiritofyouthfulnessandrichimagination,byexaggeratedlanguageandbythefrequentuseofrhymedcouplets.2.Individualization人物个性化时期Thesecondperiodisaperiodofrapidgrowthanddevelopment,da
5、tingfrom1595to1600.SuchplaysasMidsummerNight’sDream(1595),RomeoandJuliet(1596),TheMerchantofVenice(1597),thetwopartsofHenryIV(1597-1598),AsYouLikeit(1598),JuliusCaesar(1599),andHenryV(1599),wereallwritteninthisperiod.Theyshowmorecarefulandartisticwork,betterplot,andamarkedincrea
6、seintheknowledgeofhumannature.3.TheGreatTragediesanddarkcomediesThethirdperiodisaperiodofgloomanddepression,datingfrom1601to161608.Itisaperiodofhistragedies,suchasHamlet(1601),Othello(1604),KingLear(1605),andMacbeth(1605).4.Theromantictragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧Thefourthperiodisaperiodof
7、restoredserenity,from1608to1612.Itisaperiodofcalmafterstorm,withsuchplaysasTheWinter’sTale91610)andTheTempest(1611).艺术手法1.BorrowedplotconstructionfromancientGreekandRomansources,withtimeshortenedandstoryintensified2.Ironyusedtoamusetheaudience3.Disguiseinanimportantdevicecreated
8、ramaticirony4.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortion
