Cooperative Language Learning合作学习语言法.ppt

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1、CooperativeLanguageLearningZhangKunBackgroundCooperativeLanguageLearning(CLL)ispartofamoregeneralinstructionalapproachalsoknownasCollaborativeLearning(CL).CooperativeLearningisanapproachtoteachingthatmakesmaximumuseofcooperativeactivitiesinvolvingpair

2、sandsmallgroupsoflearnersintheclassroom.Traditionalmodelsofclassroomlearningareteacher-fronted,fostercompetitionratherthancooperation,andfavormajoritystudents.CLLhasbeenembracedasawayofpromotingcommunicativeinteractionintheclassroomandisseenasanextens

3、ionoftheprinciplesofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching.Itislearner-centered.ApproachTheoryoflanguageCooperativeLanguageLearningisfoundedon5basicpremisesabouttheinteractivenatureoflanguage.Premise1isthatweareborntotalkandcommunicationisconsideredastheprimar

4、ypurposeoflanguage.Premise2isthatmosttalkisorganizedasconversation.Premise3isthatconversationoperatesaccordingtoacertainagreed-uponsetofcooperativerulesor“maxims”(Grice’sCooperativePrinciple).Premise4isthatonelearnshowthesecooperativemaximsarerealized

5、inone’snativelanguagethroughcasual,everydayconversationalinteraction.Premise5isthatonelearnshowthemaximsarerealizedinasecondlanguagethroughparticipationincooperativelystructuredinteractionalactivities.TheoryoflearningCooperativelearningadvocatesdrawon

6、thetheoreticalworkofdevelopmentalpsychologistsJeanPiagetandLevVygotsky,bothofwhomstressthecentralroleofsocialinteractioninlearning.Aswehaveindicated,acentralpremiseofCLListhatlearnersdevelopcommunicativecompetenceinalanguagebyconversinginsociallyorped

7、agogicallystructuredsituations.CLLseekstodevelopclassroomsthatfostercooperationratherthancompetitioninlearning.Withincooperativesituations,individualsseekoutcomesbeneficialtothemselvesandallothergroupmembers.Itiscontrastedwithcompetitivelearninginwhic

8、hstudentsworkagainsteachothertoachieveanacademicgoalsuchasagradeof“A”.DesignObjectivesTofostercooperationratherthancompetitionTodevelopcriticalthinkingskillsTodevelopcommunicativecompetenceThesyllabusCLLdoesnotassumeanyparticularformoflanguage