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1、名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=Theminimalfreeformofalanguage,whichhasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.词根=Thebasicunchangeablepartofaword,andcoversthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.词缀=Affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.一词多
2、义=Polysemymeansthatonesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.同形异义=Homonymsaredifferentwordswiththesameform(spellingorpronunciation)完全同形异义=Perfecthomonymsaredifferentwordsidenticalbothinsoundandspelling,thoughdifferentinmeaning.同音异形异义=Homophonesaredif
3、ferentwordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning.同形异音异义=Homographsaredifferentwordsidenticalinspelling,butdifferentinsoundormeaning.同义关系=Synonymyisarelationshipof“samenessofmeaning”thatmayholdbetweentwowords.反义关系=Antonymyisarelationshipof“mea
4、ningopposition”thatmayholdbetweentwowords.上下义关系=Hyponymyisthesenserelationshipthatrelateswordshierarchically.Theunderlyingobservationisthatsomewordshaveamoregeneralmeaning,whileothershaveamorespecificmeaning,whilereferringtothesameentity.问答题（6选3，一题10分）1
5、.(1)Whatdoesonomatopoeticmotivationmean?(2)Whatdoessemanticmotivationmean?(3)Doseitcontradictthestatementthatthereisnonaturalconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning?Answer:(1)Onomatopoeicmotivationmeansdefiningtheprincipleofmotivationbysound.(2)Semanticmotivat
6、ionmeansthatmotivationisbasedonsemanticfactors.(3)Factshaveprovedthisargumenttobevalid.Wordsthatconveythesamemeaninghavedifferentphonologicalformsindifferentlanguages–(forexample,Englishmeat/mi:t/,Chineseròu.Alternatively,thesamephonologicalformsmayconv
7、eydifferentmeanings-forexample,sight,site,cite.)2.HowmanykindsofmeaningarethereinEnglish?Answer:Thereare8kindsofmeaninginEnglish,includinggrammaticalmeaning,lexicalmeaning,denotativemeaning,associativemeaning,connotativemeaning,social(stylistic)meaning,
8、affectivemeaning,collocativemeaning.1.(1)Whatiscontext?(2)Whatroledosecontextplayinlinguisticcommunication?（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:(1)Contextinitstraditionalsensereferstothelexicalitemsthatprecedeorfollowagivenword.Andtherei
