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1、摘要近年来，随着环境保护要求的提高，人们迫切希望替代石油和化学工业中一些重要反应所使用的环境不友好催化剂，如：HF、H2SO4、H3PO4和AlCl3等。固体超强酸能在较低温度下活化共价的C-H和C-C键，且兼具多相催化剂的可再生性和液体超强酸的高活性和高选择性的优点，极有可能成为这些环境不友好催化剂的替代品，创立一批无环境污染的清洁工艺。SO42-/MxOy型固体超强酸，尤其是SO42-/ZrO2具有不腐蚀反应装置，环境友好，可在高温下重复使用等优点，近三十年来一直受到国外催化研究者的广泛关注。与常用的固体酸催化剂相比，它们的最大优点是
2、酸强度高，弥补了前者在酸强度方面的不足，满足强酸催化反应的需要。而且它们容易使底物的C-H和C-C键活化，形成碳正离子，促使酸催化反应在相对较低的温度下进行。从而节省能耗，减少副反应，并且有利于生成高辛烷值的支链烃。因此，是一类很有应用潜力的新型绿色催化材料。本文综述了SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂的结构与性质、制备方法以及在各类反应中的应用进展，总结了SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂的催化性能，并预测了今后的发展方向和应用前景。关键词：SO42-/ZrO2；固体超强酸；催化剂；异构化AbstractRecently,witht
3、heincreasingofenvironmentalconstrains,theenvironmentalunfriendlycatalystsusedinpetrochemicalindustry,suchasHF,H2SO4,H3PO4andA1C13,areurgenttobesubstitutedbynewcleancatalysts.SolidsuperacidsarecapableofactivatingthecovalentC-HandC-Cbondsatlowertemperatures,andrevealallthea
4、dvantagesofheterogeneouscatalystssuchasregenerabilitycoupledwiththebenefitsofliquidsuperacidssuchashighactivityandselectivity.Theyarepossibletobecomethesubstituteofthoseenvironmentallyunfriendlycatalysts,andthusanumberofenvironmentalfriendlyprocessesmaybeestablished.SO42-
5、/MxOytypesolidsuperacids,especiallySO42-/ZrO2,haveattractedmuchattentioninthelast30years,becausetheyarenoncorrosive,environmentallyfriendlyandreusableathightemperatures.Comparedwithtraditionalsolidacidcatalysts,thetypicalfeatureofthesesolidsuperacidsisthattheyarehighlyaci
6、dic.Thus,theymakeupthedeficiencyinacidstrengthfortheformeracidcatalysts,andmeettherequirementforthestrongacid-catalyzedreactions.Mover,theyareeasytoactivateC-HandC-Cbondsofthesubstrates,andcatalyzethereactionatrelativelylowtemperatures.Asaresult,energycanbesavedandsiderea
7、ctionsaredecreased.Alsobranchedhydrocarbonswithhighoctanenumberarefavoredtoproduce.Therefore,theyarerecognizedasaclassofnovelcatalyticmaterialswhicharegreenandhavepotentialapplication.Thearticlemainlysummarizedthestructureandproperties,preparationmethodandapplicationofSO4
8、2-/ZrO2typesolidsuperacidcatalystsineveryreaction,andinrestigatedthecatalyticpropertiesofthecata
