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1、江苏省南通中学高三英语语法专题复习讲义二.主谓一致【要点点拨】英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致,这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1:either,neither,each,one,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someone,something,everything,everybody,everyone,noone,nothing,nobody 做主语时,谓语一般用单数。Neitherofthetwose
2、ntencesiscorrect.Everythingaroundusismatter.(注意:none,neither,all,any作主语时,谓语可用单数,也可用复数,具体取决于说话人的意思。)Noneofthemowns/ownacar.Neitheroftheboysare/isinterestedingeography.Allarehere.Andallthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2:表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时,谓语用单数。Fiveminutesisenough.Fourhu
3、ndredfrancsisalotofmoney.3:each…andeach…,every…andevery;no…andno;manya…andmanya…等结构由于强调个体行为,因此谓语动词使用单数。EachboyandeachgirlhasgotanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Nosoundandnovoiceisheardforalongtime.4:从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.(tosaysometh
4、ing,todo是不定式)“Howdoyoudo?”isnotaquestionbutagreeting.(Howdoyoudo?是句子,作主语)(注意:what引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)Whatweneedismoretime,whilewhattheyneedaremoredoctorsandmedicines.5:oneandahalf后面带名词的复数,谓语动词常用单数。Oneandhalfbananasisleftonthetable.6:用and连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。Theheadm
5、asterandPartysecretaryisgoingabroadnextmonth.Breadandbutterismyusualbreakfast.7:有些名词呈复数形式,但并不表示复数概念。Thenewsisdisappointingthatachemicalworksistobebuiltinthewestofthecity.8:名词由and或both…and连接主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式。Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.9:people,public,police,cattle做主语时,谓语动
6、词习惯上使用复数。Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.Andpeoplearetalkingaboutthenews.10:表示成双、成套的名词作主语时,谓语动词使用复数。Yourtrousersaretoolong,buttheseshoesfityouquitewell.但有apairof连接时,谓语动词使用单数。Apairofglovesisanicepresentforher.11:不可数名词作主语,但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。Threemilliontonsofoilareexploited
7、everyyearintheoilfield.12:在or,either---or---,neither---nor---,notonly---butalso---,not---but---,therebe等结构中,采取就近原则,即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsaretoblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.13 :就远原则:Awith/alongwith/togetherwith/in
8、cluding/suchas/like/aswellas/ratherthan/except/besides/but/ap