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1、主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are,were,have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)(比较:Theworkerandthewriter
2、arefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.2.Every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.注:主语是manya+n.或morethanone+n.时。Manyachildhasgonetoseeher.Morethanonestud
3、enthastriedthis.意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。maths,mathematics,phys
4、ics,politics等。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美国成立于1776年。TheArabianNightsisveryinteresting.《天方夜谭》很有趣。6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.(注:如果强调数量,则用复数)7.由any-,some-,every-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。8.非谓语动词(V-ing,todo)、名词性从句作主语。Collec
5、tingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.注1:what引导的主语从句,谓语的单复数看情况而定。Whattheyneedismorewater.Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.注2:由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句做主语时,谓动仍用单数。Whenandwherewewillhavethemeetinghasnotbeend
6、ecided.意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况(二)谓语动词为复数的情况1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.4.anumber
7、of/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。意义一致的原则(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,sheep等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisne
8、arthestation.Twonewsteelworksareb