国际商法(双语)复习资料.doc

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1、1、Functionsoflaw:①Keepthepeace②Enforcingstandardsofconductandmaintainorder③Facilitatingplanning④Promotingsocialjustice2、Definitionofcontract(inChina):Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.3、Offer:Definiti

2、on:offerisaproposalbyapersontoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenterintoacontractunderspecificterms.Requirementsforanoffer:①Intention：订立合同的意愿theoffer’swordsmustgivetheoffereeassurancethatabindingagreementisintended.②Definiteness:明确具体indicatesordescribesthegoodsor

3、services,expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthequantityandthepriceforthegoods.③Communication:传到到受要约人anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.4、Superiorforce:不可抗力Isaclauseincontractswhichessentiallyfreesbothpartiesfromliabilityorobligationwhenanextraordinaryev

4、entorcircumstancebeyondthecontrolofthepartiespreventsoneorbothpartiesfromfulfillingtheirobligationsunderthecontract.Elements:externality,unpredictability,irresistibility.5、Damages:Compensatorydamagesprovideaplaintiffwiththemonetaryamountnecessarytoreplacewhatw

5、aslostandnothingmore.Toplacetheclaimantinthepositioninwhichhewouldhavebeenhadthecontractnotbeenbreached.Directlosses,consequentiallosses,painandsuffering,liquidateddamages(约定损害赔偿).6、Fundamentalbreach:根本违约Abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamental

6、ifitresultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract.一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以至于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合同。7、RemediesforthebuyersBuyer’srighttocompelperformance:要求实际履行thebuyermayrequireperformanc

7、ebythesellerofhisobligations.Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontract,thebuyermayrequiredeliveryofsubstitutegoodsonlyifthelackofconformityconstitutesafundamentalbreachofcontract;Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontract,thebuyermayrequirethesellertoremedythelackofcon

8、formitybyrepair.Buyer’srighttoavoidthecontract:撤销合同thebuyermaydeclarethecontractavoided：thesellercommitsafundamentalbreachorThebuyergivestheselleraNachfristnoticeandthesellerreject