国际商法(双语)复习资料

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1、1、Functionsoflaw:①Keepthepeace②Enforcingstandardsofconductandmaintainorder③Facilitatingplanning④Promotingsocialjustice2、Definitionofcontract(inChina):Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.3、Offer:Definition:offeri

2、saproposalbyapersontoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenterintoacontractunderspecificterms.Requirementsforanoffer:①Intention：订立合同的意愿theoffer’swordsmustgivetheoffereeassurancethatabindingagreementisintended.②Definiteness:明确具体indicatesordescribesthegoodsorservices,expressly

3、orimplicitlyspecifiesthequantityandthepriceforthegoods.③Communication:传到到受要约人anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.4、Superiorforce:不可抗力Isaclauseincontractswhichessentiallyfreesbothpartiesfromliabilityorobligationwhenanextraordinaryeventorcircumstancebeyondthec

4、ontrolofthepartiespreventsoneorbothpartiesfromfulfillingtheirobligationsunderthecontract.Elements:externality,unpredictability,irresistibility.5、Damages:Compensatorydamagesprovideaplaintiffwiththemonetaryamountnecessarytoreplacewhatwaslostandnothingmore.Toplacetheclaim

5、antinthepositioninwhichhewouldhavebeenhadthecontractnotbeenbreached.Directlosses,consequentiallosses,painandsuffering,liquidateddamages(约定损害赔偿).6、Fundamentalbreach:根本违约Abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassu

6、bstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract.一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以至于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合同。7、RemediesforthebuyersBuyer’srighttocompelperformance:要求实际履行thebuyermayrequireperformancebythesellerofhisobligations.Ifthegoodsdonotconformwit

7、hthecontract,thebuyermayrequiredeliveryofsubstitutegoodsonlyifthelackofconformityconstitutesafundamentalbreachofcontract;Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontract,thebuyermayrequirethesellertoremedythelackofconformitybyrepair.Buyer’srighttoavoidthecontract:撤销合同thebuyermayd

8、eclarethecontractavoided：thesellercommitsafundamentalbreachorThebuyergivestheselleraNachfristnoticeandthesellerreject