编简明英语语言学上课重点.doc

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1、Linguistics'notes第一周Chapter1Introduction.1.Definitionoflanguage*Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.lLanguageisasystem.lLanguageisarbitrary.lLanguageisvocal.lLanguageishuman-specific.2.DesignfeaturesoflanguagelArbitrariness任意性lProductivity

2、多产性lDuality双重性lDisplacement移位性lCulturaltransmission文化传播性3.Functionsoflanguage(Halliday)lTheideational概念功能toorganizelanguageuser'sexperienceoftheword.lTheinterpersonal人际功能toestablish/maintainsocialrelationship.lThetextual语篇功能toorganizetextsinacoherentandappropriateway.第

3、二周1.Definitionoflinguistics*Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butitstudieslanguagesingeneral.----generallinguistics.Scientificstudyoflanguage.2.ThebranchesoflinguisticslPhonetics语音学--thestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified@研究发音,自然属性,无序地语音lPhonology音系

4、学--thestudyofhowsoundsformsystemsandfunctionstoconveymeaning@研究音间联系,注重功能,有序地语音lMorphology形态学.词法--thestudyoftheformoffwords@涉及词语地内部组织,研究词语地最小单位-语素lSyntax句法学--thestudyofhowwordsandphrasesarecombinedtoformsentences@研究如何组词成句,形成.理解正确地句子lSemantics语义学--thestudyofmeaning(inabs

5、traction)@研究词语地意义如何在语音中编码lPragmatics语用学--thestudyofmeaningincontextofuse@特定情景中地特定话语地理解和运用lHistoricallinguistics历史语言学--thestudyoflanguagechange.lSociolinguistics社会语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietylPsycholinguistics心理语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetothew

6、orkingofthemind.lAppliedlinguistics应用语言学--thestudyofapplyinglinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblems.@广义-实践,狭义-教学研究3.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics1)Prescriptivevs.DescriptivePrescriptive规定式--toaimstolaydownrulesfor"correctandstandard"verbalbehaviour.

7、@做规定Descriptive描写式--todescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.@写现象Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive.2）Synchronicvs.DiachronicSynchronic共时--thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.@语言在特定时间点上地研究Diachronic历时--thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthrou

8、ghtime.@语言随时间演变地研究Modernlinguisticsismainlysynchronic.3)Speechvs.WritingModernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageaspr