新编简明英语语言学上课重点

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1、Linguistics'notes第一周Chapter1Introduction.1.Definitionoflanguage*Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.lLanguageisasystem.lLanguageisarbitrary.lLanguageisvocal.lLanguageishuman-specific.2.DesignfeaturesoflanguagelArbitrariness任意性lProductivity多产性lDuality双重性

2、lDisplacement移位性lCulturaltransmission文化传播性3.Functionsoflanguage(Halliday)lTheideational概念功能toorganizelanguageuser'sexperienceoftheword.lTheinterpersonal人际功能toestablish/maintainsocialrelationship.lThetextual语篇功能toorganizetextsinacoherentandappropriateway.第二周1.Definitionoflinguistics*

3、Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butitstudieslanguagesingeneral.----generallinguistics.Scientificstudyoflanguage.2.ThebranchesoflinguisticslPhonetics语音学--thestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified@研究发音，自然属性，无序的语音lPhonology音系学--thestudyofhowsoundsformsystemsandfuncti

4、onstoconveymeaning@研究音间联系，注重功能，有序的语音lMorphology形态学、词法--thestudyoftheformoffwords@涉及词语的内部组织，研究词语的最小单位-语素lSyntax句法学--thestudyofhowwordsandphrasesarecombinedtoformsentences@研究如何组词成句，形成、理解正确的句子lSemantics语义学--thestudyofmeaning(inabstraction)@研究词语的意义如何在语音中编码lPragmatics语用学--thestudyofmeani

5、ngincontextofuse@特定情景中的特定话语的理解和运用lHistoricallinguistics历史语言学--thestudyoflanguagechange.lSociolinguistics社会语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietylPsycholinguistics心理语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofthemind.lAppliedlinguistics应用语言学--thestudyofapplyinglinguistic

6、findingstothesolutionofpracticalproblems.@广义-实践，狭义-教学研究3.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics1)Prescriptivevs.DescriptivePrescriptive规定式--toaimstolaydownrulesfor"correctandstandard"verbalbehaviour.@做规定Descriptive描写式--todescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.@写现象Modernlingu

7、isticsismostlydescriptive.2）Synchronicvs.DiachronicSynchronic共时--thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.@语言在特定时间点上的研究Diachronic历时--thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime.@语言随时间演变的研究Modernlinguisticsismainlysynchronic.3)Speechvs.WritingModernlinguisticsregardsth

8、espokenlanguageaspr