免疫耐受 immunological课件

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1、Chapter13ImmunologicalTolerance(3)I.IntroductionConceptNaturaltoleranceAcquiredtoleranceII.FactorsAffectingTolerogenicingofAntigenIII.MechanismsofToleranceInductionIV.ClinicalsignificanceofimmunologictoleranceConceptImmunologicaltoleranceisastateofunresponsivenessthatisspecificf

2、oraparticularantigen;itisinducedbypriorexposuretothatantigen.II.FactorsAffectingTolerogenicingofAg1.Thestructureofantigen2.Theantigendosage3.TherouteofadministrationLow–zonetoleranceHigh–zonetoleranceTolerancecellsTcellsTandBcellsSpeeds24hoursslow(1-2weeks)Timelong(months)short(w

3、eeks)AntigensTD-Ag(low-dose)allAg(high-dose)ExperimentalinductionoftoleranceatlowandhighdosesofantigenSerumanti-BASResponsetosecondaryimmunogenicdoseofBSA%ofcontrolPrimingdoseofBSA,g100%10-1210-910-610-31.0Low-zonetoleranceHigh-zonetoleranceImmunityControl:signalImmunogenicDoseo

4、fBSAIII.MechanismsofToleranceInduction1.ClonaldeletiontherapyCentralthymictolerancetoselfAgs-positiveandnegativeselection.2.Clonalanergya. Lackofsignalofactivationcancauseunresponsivenessb.Theblockingofimmunocompetentcellsc.Lackofhelpercells3.TheSuppressanteffectofvariouscellsMec

5、hanismsofToleranceInductionClonaldeletion:physicallydeletingcellsfromtherepertoireatcomestageduringtheirlifespan.Clonalanergy:downregulatingtheintrinsicmechaismoftheimmuneresponse.Suppression:inhibitingcellularactivitythroughinteractionwithothercells,suchasthoseproducinginhibitor

6、ycytokinesoridiotype-specificlymphocyteswhichrecognizetheantigenreceptoritself.B(A)(C)(B)BBBBBBlockingofBCRIV.Clinicalsignificanceofimmunologictolerance1.Theinductionandmaintenanceofimmunologictolerance2.TheeliminationofimmunologictoleranceChapter14RegulationoftheImmuneResponse

7、(4)RegulationbyantigenRegulationbyantibodyRegulationbylymphocytesIdiotypicmodulationofresponsesNeuroendocrinemodulationofimmuneresponsesRegulationbyantigenAdeclineinAglevelsultimatelyresultsindiminishedclonalproliferationandadeclineinfurtherhomuoralorcell-mediatedresponses.APCBBI

8、mmunecomplexesFcRBCRsuppressenhanceImmun