免疫耐受immunological课件

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1、Chapter13ImmunologicalTolerance(3)I.IntroductionConceptNaturaltoleranceAcquiredtoleranceII.FactorsAffectingTolerogenicingofAntigenIII.MechanismsofToleranceInductionIV.ClinicalsignificanceofimmunologictoleranceConceptImmunologicaltoleranceisastateofunresponsivenessth

2、atisspecificforaparticularantigen;itisinducedbypriorexposuretothatantigen.II.FactorsAffectingTolerogenicingofAg1.Thestructureofantigen2.Theantigendosage3.TherouteofadministrationLow–zonetoleranceHigh–zonetoleranceTolerancecellsTcellsTandBcellsSpeeds24hoursslow(1-2wee

3、ks)Timelong(months)short(weeks)AntigensTD-Ag(low-dose)allAg(high-dose)ExperimentalinductionoftoleranceatlowandhighdosesofantigenSerumanti-BASResponsetosecondaryimmunogenicdoseofBSA%ofcontrolPrimingdoseofBSA,g100%10-1210-910-610-31.0Low-zonetoleranceHigh-zonetoleranc

4、eImmunityControl:signalImmunogenicDoseofBSAIII.MechanismsofToleranceInduction1.ClonaldeletiontherapyCentralthymictolerancetoselfAgs-positiveandnegativeselection.2.Clonalanergya. Lackofsignalofactivationcancauseunresponsivenessb.Theblockingofimmunocompetentcellsc.Lack

5、ofhelpercells3.TheSuppressanteffectofvariouscellsMechanismsofToleranceInductionClonaldeletion:physicallydeletingcellsfromtherepertoireatcomestageduringtheirlifespan.Clonalanergy:downregulatingtheintrinsicmechaismoftheimmuneresponse.Suppression:inhibitingcellularactiv

6、itythroughinteractionwithothercells,suchasthoseproducinginhibitorycytokinesoridiotype-specificlymphocyteswhichrecognizetheantigenreceptoritself.B(A)(C)(B)BBBBBBlockingofBCRIV.Clinicalsignificanceofimmunologictolerance1.Theinductionandmaintenanceofimmunologictoleranc

7、e2.TheeliminationofimmunologictoleranceChapter14RegulationoftheImmuneResponse(4)RegulationbyantigenRegulationbyantibodyRegulationbylymphocytesIdiotypicmodulationofresponsesNeuroendocrinemodulationofimmuneresponsesRegulationbyantigenAdeclineinAglevelsultimatelyresult

8、sindiminishedclonalproliferationandadeclineinfurtherhomuoralorcell-mediatedresponses.APCBBImmunecomplexesFcRBCRsuppressenhanceImmun