必修五第五单元语法课件.ppt

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GrammarEllipsis 1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法.(1)(You)Comein,please.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.简单句中的省略 2.省略主语或谓语的一部分简单句中的省略(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(3)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?(4)How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?(5)(Youcome)thisway,please. 简单句中的省略3.省略宾语:可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have．---DoyouknowMissHu?---Idon’tknow(her).(2)Don’ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).(3)---Areyouateacher?---No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).(4)---Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.---Well,heoughttohave(finishit). 简单句中的省略4.省略表语---Areyouthirsty?---Yes,Iam(thirsty).Hisbrotherislazy?Norishissister(lazy).5.同时省略几个句子成分---Areyoufellbetternow?---(I’mfeeling)better(now).(2)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou)!(3)Let’smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday. 并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分．(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool(3)Lin’sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome). 主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些主谓被省略(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(2)(It’s)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe). 其他省略1.连词的that省略(1)宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个thatHesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略Thebook(that)Iborrowedyesterdaywashers. 2.在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分其他省略(1)When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)As(hewas)achild,helivedinIndia.(3)If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.(4)If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.(5)Though(heis)young,heknowsalot.(6)Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tosaysomething. 其他省略3.不定式符号to的省略并列的不定式可省去后面的to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(2)help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay. 其他省略(4)某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作宾语　　　补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday. (5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.(6)find当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式tobe，则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.其他省略 4.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的should，were，had提到主语的前面.其他省略Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.(3）Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo? 替代(一)so和not作替代词,代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作beafraid，believe，become，all，do，expect，fear，hope，Imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think等的宾语。Not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后E.g.:Shewasnotangryatfirst,butbecameso（=angry）afterawhile.—Ishethebeststudentintheclass?—Ithinkso(=Heisbeststudentintheclass).—Ithinknot(=Heisnotthebeststudentintheclass). 替代（二）替代的应用1.So可以放在句首或句尾，但若谓语动词是see,notice,hear等,则只能放在句首.如：Ibelieve(say,think…)so.=SoIbelieve(say,think…).—Heisabsenttoday.—SoIsee(hear,notice).2.在表示肯定或怀疑意义的句中不可用so。如：误：Idoubtso.正：Idoubtit.3.在ask和know之后也不用so。如：误：Whydoyouaskso?正：Whydoyouaskthat? 4.doso一般只用替代动态动词，不替代静态动词。如：Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidn’tdoso.替代---Alicefeelsbettertoday.---Ithinkshedoes.---Soshedoes.而不能说Ithinkshedoesso. Classisover!