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1、Grammar语法精解(一)1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种:(1)名词:Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词:Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词:Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)从句:Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,
2、suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导
3、同位语从句的词有1.从属连词that,whetherthat只起引导作用,不充当成分,不省略。Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.whether“是否”Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.2.连接代词who,what等Ihavenoideawhoheis.Longlongago,peoplehadnoideawhattheinsideoftheearthmightlooklike.3.连接副词howwhe
4、nwhy等Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Ihavenoideawhysheleft.注意1.表示“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不是if引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.2.作主语的同位语从句,有时会被谓语动词将其与名词分开,这叫做间隔式同位语从句。WordcamethatIwaswantedathome.家里传来消息要我回去。Thestorygoesthat
5、heoftenbeatshiswife.传说他经常打老婆。3.若名词是advice,suggestion,proposal建议;demand,request要求;order;recommendation劝告等,后面的同位语从句(should)+doTheordersooncamethatallthepeople(should)obeytherule.4.有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名
6、词或代词的后面eg.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.2.Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。同位语从句与定语从句区别Weexpressthehopethattheywillcometo
7、visitChinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系;定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语宾语、表语、定语、状语等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位
8、语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawas