新编法律英语(姚骏华)第六课中英语对照翻译.doc

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1、CivilProcedureLawCivilProcedureI.SeparateCourtSystemsKeyDifferenceinCivilandCriminalLaw(1)PublicLaw.Thisincludescriminallaw,constitutionandadministrationlaw.Publiclawisconcernedwiththeinteractionbetweenanindividualandtherestofcommunity.(2)PrivateLaw.Thisincludestort,contractanddivo

2、rcelaw.Privatelawconcernstheinteractionbetweenindividualsinthecommunity,inasmuchastheydonotconcernthecommunityasawhole.Thus,criminallawisconcernedwithconductofwhichtheStatedisapprovesandwillpunishthewrongdoer,seekingtodeterothersfromsimilarbehavior.Civillawhasacomplementaryfunction

3、.Whenadisputearisesbetweentwoindividuals,rulesofcivillawareappliedtodeterminewhichindividualisintheright.Thepartyinthewrongmustthencompensatetheotherforanylossordamage.Theobjectofthecriminallawis,therefore,punitive;theobjectofthecivillawistocompensatethepersonwronged.1、不同的法院系统民法与刑法

4、的主要区别（1）公法：公法包括刑法，宪法，行政法。公法调整个人与社会之间的相互关系。（2）私法：私法包括侵权法，合同法，和婚姻法。私法调整社会中人与人之间的关系，因为他们不能作为整体关系到社会问题。因此，刑法调整国家不允许的行为并且惩罚犯罪者，以寻求阻止他人进行类似的行为。民法有辅助功能。当两个个体出现争议，适用民法条文确定谁是正确的。过错方必须赔偿另一方的损失。故，刑法的目的具有惩罚性,民法的目的是补偿受害方。II.ChoosingtheProperCourtSubject-MatterJurisdictionThefirstquestionthatmus

5、tbeaddressedwhendecidingwheretofilesuitiswhichcourtshavetherequisitepowerorcompetencetodecidethetypeofcontroversyinvolved.Thisrequirementtypicallyisstatedintermsofwhetherthecourthassubject-matterjurisdiction.(1)StateCourts.Orstatecourtstypicallythestatutesestablishingthedifferentco

6、urtsinthestatewillseteachcourt’ssubject-matterjurisdictionboundaries.Thequestionisnotwhethertheplaintiffcanbringanactioninastatecourt,butwhichoftheexistingstatecourtsisauthorizedtohearthecase.(2)Federalcourts.Federalcourtsarecourtsofgeneraljurisdiction.Thatistosay,allfederaldistric

7、tcourtsaretreatedastrialcourtsofequaljurisdictionalpower;thereisnodivisionamongthedistrictcourtmayentertainanactionbasedonalmostanyareaofthelaw.Theoneexceptiontothisprincipleistheexistenceofspecializedfederalcourtstohandlecertainmatters,suchastheTaxCourt,theClaimsCourtandtheBankrup

8、tcyCourt.However,evenintho