XIAOLING TOMB OF THE MING DYNASTY英文学习教学教案.doc

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1、XIAOLINGTOMBOFTHEMINGDYNASTYXiaolingTomb,ortheTombofFilialPiety,built600yearsago,isthemausoleumofZhuYuanzhang,thefoundingemperoroftheMingDynasty.LyingatthesouthernfootofPurpleMountain,thetombcomplexisoneofthelargestancientmausoleumsoftheemperorsinChina.BorninapoorpeasantfamilyinFengyang

2、County,AnhuiProvincein1328,ZhuYuanzhanglosthisparentsinhischildhoodandbecameamonkatHuangjueTemple.In1352,hejoinedtheRedTurbanArmy----apeasantinsurrectionaryarmyledbyGuoZixinagainsttheYuanDynasty.HemarriedGuoZixin’sadopteddaughterandbecamethecommandinggenerallater.ZhuYuanzhangtookoverNan

3、jingin1356,andheconqueredtherestofChinainthefollowingyears.In1368,whenhewas40yearsold,hecametothethroneasanemperor,andmadeNanjingthenationalcapitalwithanameofMingforhisdynastyandHongwuasthetitleofhisreign.ZhuYuanzhangbegantohavehistombbuiltin1381whenhiswifeEmpressMadied.Theempresswasbur

4、iedinthetombin1383.ButEmperorZhuYuanzhangdiedin1398andwasburiedhereinthesameyear.Buttheconstructionofthemausoleumlasted38yearsormoretill1413when“theSteleofSacredMeritsandVirtuesofGreatMing’sFilialTomb”waserected.Themausoleumconsistsoftwomajorsections.ThefirstsectionisfromtheGatewayofDis

5、mountingHorsetotheLingxingGateattheendofSacredWay(tombavenue),ofwhichtheapproachis1800meterslong.Thesecondpartisthetombitself.Historicalrecordsindicatethemausoleumhadagrandredwall,22.5kilometerslong,enclosingthewholetombarea.Thetombcomplexwasverylargewithmanysplendidbuildings.100000pine

6、swereplantedand1000deerraisedintheparkofmausoleum.Unfortunately,thislargegroupofbuildingwasruinedbythewarsinthelateMingandearlyQingDynastiesandthewarinwhichTaipingPeasantArmywassuppressedbytheQingDynastyarmy.Allthewoodenstructureswasdestroyed.Howeverwecanstillseetheexquisitestonecarving

7、sfromthestonebasesandimaginehowmagnificentitlookedlike600yearsago.ThetombgateknownasGrandGoldenGatewasatraditionalarchitectureandconnectedwiththeredwall.TheGatewayofDismountingHorselocatesabout750meterssouthfromhere.Theinscriptioncanbeseen“Alltheofficialsmustdismountfromtheirho