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1、XiaonanJiangMidtermPaper(ConfuciusandtheAnalects)TheAnalectsisafamousbookthathasinfluencedChinesethoughtsforthousandsofyears.Asthesayinggoes,halfAnalectsrulestheworld,thusitcanbeseenthattheAnalectsisveryimportanttothepoliticalfield.NowIwillcharacterizethepoliticalphilosophyofearlyConfucianismasitis
2、expressedintheAnalects.First,theAnalectssuggeststhatthegovernmentshouldbuildagoodleadership.Confuciusattachesgreatimportancetotheleadershipinthefunctionofthepoliticalfield,andheaskstheleadermustfirstmakesomeachievementsinmorals,otherwisewillbeunabletoleadthelowerclassofpeople.Confuciusdividespeople
3、inthesocietyintotwoclasses,namely"junzi"and"xiaoren".BeforeConfucius,theoriginalmeaningsofthesetwowordswereleadersandtheirsubordinates.IntheeraofConfucius,thesewordsbegantohavingthemoralsense.TheAnalectssays:Therelationbetweensuperiorsandinferiorsislikethatbetweenthewindandthegrass.Thegrassmustbend
4、,whenthewindblowsacrossit.Combingthemoralelementsintothewordswhichrepresentedthetheregulatorsandtheregulatedpreviously,theConfuciansthinksthataleadershouldbeavirtuousperson.Also,Confuciussuggeststhattheleadershouldsetagoodexampletothemasses.WhenChiK’angaskedConfuciusaboutgovernment,Confuciusreplied
5、:togovernmeanstorectify.Ifyouleadonthepeoplewithcorrectness,whowilldarenottobecorrect?Confuciusalsosaidthatifapersonwasnotcovetous,althoughyourewardhimtodoit,hewouldnotsteal.Theseexamplesillustratethatthegovernorshouldleadhismeninachargeand5taketheleadindoinggood.ThentheAnalectsproposesarightstrate
6、gyofadministeringthecountry:Rulingthecountrybyvirtue.TheMatersays:Ifthepeopleareledbylaws,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,buthavenosenseofshame.Iftheyareledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhempropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreoverwillbec
7、omegood.Confuciusherecomparestwokindsofwaystorunacountry:rulingthecountrybylawsandbyvirtue.Hethinksusinglawstodetercitizensfromcrimeswillonlyscratchthesurface.Butthroughtheruleofvirtue,peoplewillestablishth
