讲稿-电力市场-电自09-3-market for electrical energy.pdf

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1、3MarketforElectricalEnergy电能交易市场Outlineintroduction/引言Openelectricalenergymarkets/开放式电能市场Themanagedspotmarket/集中式现货市场Thesettlementprocess/结算流程IntroductionParticularityoftheenergy/电能商品的特殊性Electricalenergyisinextricablylinkedwiththepowersystem/电能商品总是与电力系统紧密相连Thepowersystemfunctionsmu

2、chfasterthananymarket/电力系统的传送速度远高于其他商品市场Supplyanddemand-generationandload-mustbebalancedonasecond-by-secondbasis/供应与需求－发电与负荷－需要每时每刻都保持平衡Particularityoftheenergy(cont.)Thepowerproducedbyallgeneratorsispooledonitswaytotheloads/所有发电机的出力会在系统内汇合到一起，并依照物理定律流到各个电力用户Poolingresultsinvaluableec

3、onomies/电能汇合能实现相当的规模经济Abreakdowninasystemaffectseverybody,notjustthepartiestoaparticulartransaction/电网如果发生故障，将会波及所有市场成员，而不会只影响到一些特定交易的参与者Particularityoftheenergy(cont.)Thedemandforelectricalenergyexhibitspredictabledailyandweeklycyclicalvariations/电能需求会表现出可预测的循环波动Theneedforamanagedspot

4、market/集中式现货市场存在的必要性Errorsandunpredictableeventsintroducegapsbetweenloadandgeneration/各种误差与不可预测故障均有可能导致负荷与发电出现偏差Theactualdemandofconsumersisneverexactlyequaltothevalueforecasted/用户的实际负荷需求不会总是恰好等于预测值Asuddenmechanicalorelectricalfailuremayforceaunittoshutdownorreduceitsoutput/突发的机械或电气故障

5、会迫使机组关停或者降低其发电出力Failureoftransmissionor/anddistributionnetworkswillaffectthesupply/输电、配电设备故障会影响供电量Theneedforamanagedspotmarket(cont.)Deviationbetweengenerationandloadmustbebridgedquicklyandpreciselytomaintaintheintegrityofthepowersystem为了保证电力系统的安全运行，必须快速准确地消除发电与负荷间的偏差Inthecurrentstate

6、ofthetechnology,anopenmarketcannotachievethisrequirement/目前的技术条件下，开放式市场无法满足校正偏差的要求Anmanagedspotmarketisneeded/需要建立一个集中管理的现货市场Openelectricalenergymarkets开放式电能市场TypeofmarketsBilateraltrading/双边交易Electricitypools/电力库Bilateraltrading/双边交易Involvesonlytwoparties/仅涉及两个主体Abuyer/一个购买者Aselle

7、r/一个销售者Participantsentercontractswithoutinvolvement,interferenceorfacilitationfromathirdparty/交易双方可以自由签订双边合同，无须第三方参与、干扰或者推动Thepriceofeachtransactionissetindependentlybythepartiesinvolvedandthereisno“official”price/每一笔交易的价格均由交易双方独立决定，不存在“官方”价格Formsofbilateraltrading/双边交易