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1、AmericanLiterature030533/4/5,26thSep.2006LectureThreeTheAmericanRomanticism(I)I.WhatisRomanticismSimplyspeaking,Romanticismisaliterarymovementflourishedasaculturalforcethroughoutthe19thCanditcanbedividedintotheearlyperiodandthelateperiod.Alsoitremainspowerfulincontemporaryliteratureandart.Ro
2、manticism,atermthatisassociatedwithimaginationandboundlessness,ascontrastedwithclassicism,whichiscommonlyassociatedwithreasonandrestriction.Aromanticattitudemaybedetectedinliteratureofanyperiod,butasanhistoricalmovementitaroseinthe18thand19thcenturies,inreactiontomorerationalliterary,philoso
3、phic,artistic,religious,andeconomicstandards....ThemostclearlydefinedromanticliterarymovementintheU.S.wasTranscendentalism.TherepresentativesoftheearlyperiodincludesWashingtonIrvingandJamesFenimoreCooper,andthoseofthelateperiodcontainRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WaltWhitman,NathanielH
4、awthorne,HermanMelville,EdgarAllanPoe.Internalcauses:Americanburgeonedintoapolitical,economicandculturalindependence.Democracyandpoliticalequalitybecametheidealsofthenewnation.Radicalchangescameaboutinthepoliticallifeofthecountry.Partiesbegantosquabbleandscrambleforpower,andnewsystemwasinthe
5、making.Thespreadofindustrialism,thesuddeninfluxofimmigration,andthepioneerspushingthefrontierfurtherwest,alltheseproducedsomethingofaneconomicboonand,withit,atremendoussenseofoptimismandhopeamongthepeople.TherepresentativesoftheearlyperiodincludesWashingtonIrvingandJamesFenimoreCooper,andtho
6、seofthelateperiodcontainRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WaltWhitman,NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,EdgarAllanPoe.II.ThereasonsontheriseofAmericanRomanticismEver-increasingmagazinesplayedanimportantroleinfacilitatingliteraryexpansioninthecountry.Externalcauses:Foreigninfluencesaddedinc
7、entivetothegrowthofromanticisminAmerica.TheinfluenceofSirWalterScottwasparticularlypowerfulandenduring.III.CharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticism(b)Sentimentalism,primitivismandthecultofthenoblesavagePoliticalliberalismThecelebrationofnaturalbeautyan
