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1、AmericanLiterature2011.9LectureThreeTheAmericanRomanticism(I)I.WhatisRomanticismSimplyspeaking,Romanticismisaliterarymovementflourishedasaculturalforcethroughoutthe19thCanditcanbedividedintotheearlyperiodandthelateperiod.Alsoitremainspowerfulincontemporaryliteratureandart.Romanticism
2、,atermthatisassociatedwithimaginationandboundlessness,ascontrastedwithclassicism,whichiscommonlyassociatedwithreasonandrestriction.Aromanticattitudemaybedetectedinliteratureofanyperiod,butasanhistoricalmovementitaroseinthe18thand19thcenturies,inreactiontomorerationalliterary,philosop
3、hic,artistic,religious,andeconomicstandards....ThemostclearlydefinedromanticliterarymovementintheU.S.wasTranscendentalism.TherepresentativesoftheearlyperiodincludesWashingtonIrvingandJamesFenimoreCooper,andthoseofthelateperiodcontainRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WaltWhitman,Nat
4、hanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,EdgarAllanPoe.Internalcauses:Americanburgeonedintoapolitical,economicandculturalindependence.Democracyandpoliticalequalitybecametheidealsofthenewnation.Radicalchangescameaboutinthepoliticallifeofthecountry.Partiesbegantosquabbleandscrambleforpower,andne
5、wsystemwasinthemaking.Thespreadofindustrialism,thesuddeninfluxofimmigration,andthepioneerspushingthefrontierfurtherwest,alltheseproducedsomethingofaneconomicboonand,withit,atremendoussenseofoptimismandhopeamongthepeople.II.ThereasonsontheriseofAmericanRomanticismEver-increasingmagazi
6、nesplayedanimportantroleinfacilitatingliteraryexpansioninthecountry.Externalcauses:ForeigninfluencesaddedincentivetothegrowthofromanticisminAmerica.TheinfluenceofSirWalterScottwasparticularlypowerfulandenduring.III.CharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticism(b)Sentimentalism,primitivismandt
7、hecultofthenoblesavagePoliticalliberalismThecelebrationofnaturalbeautyandthesimplelifeIntrospection(反省）Theidealizationofthecommonman,uncorruptedbycivilizationInterestinthepicturesquepastandremoteplacesAntiquarianism（古物研究，好古癖）IndividualismMorbidmelancholy（病理，病态的忧郁）HistoricalromanceIV.
8、TheRepresent
