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1、外文翻译Port-centriclogisticsMaterialSource:Emerald期刊Author:JohnManganChandraLalwaniBrianFynes1.PortsandsupplychainsPortsandmaritimetransporthaveexistedforsomethousandsofyearsandhavedevelopedinlinewiththeevolutionofinternationaltradewhichhasbeeninherentinshapingthemodernworld.Some6billiontonn
2、esoffreightmovesbymaritimetransporteachyearandisestimatedtocomprise45percentliquidbulks,23percentdrybulksand32percentgeneralcargo.Totalfreightmovementsvaryaccordingtoregion,commodityandfreightorigin/destination.IntheEuropeanUnion(EU),forexample,theportssectorhandlesmorethan90percentoftheu
3、nion’stradewiththirdcountriesandapproximately30percentofintra-EUtrade,aswellasover200millionpassengerseveryyear.AccordingtotheWorldBank(2001),therearemorethan2,000portsaroundtheworld,fromsingleberthlocationshandlingafewhundredtonnesayeartosomeoftheworld’slargestportssuchasShanghai,Singapo
4、reandRotterdam,whichindividuallyhandlemultiplesofthis(inthecaseofShanghai,forexample,the2005estimateis443millionmetrictonnesAmericanAssociationofPortAuthorities,2005).Portsandmaritimetransportthusplayanimportantroletodayinglobalcommerce.Itisimportanttofirstdefineexactlywhatismeantbytheter
5、m“port”.AccordingtoStopford(1997),aportis“ageographicalareawhereshipsarebroughtalongsidelandtoloadanddischargecargo–usuallyasheltereddeepwaterareasuchasabayofrivermouth”.Oftenportscomprisemultipleterminals,aterminalbeing“asectionoftheportconsistingofoneormoreberthsdevotedtoaparticulartype
6、ofcargohandling”(Stopford,1997).Portshandlevariousdifferentcategoriesoffreight.Maritimefreightistypicallyclassifiedas:liquidbulk(themostsignificantsub-categoryhereisoil),drybulk(suchascoalandsomeagriculturalproducts),unitisedfreight(whichcomprisesbothlift-on/lift-offcontainers,i.e.Lo-Loan
7、droll-on/roll-offunits,i.e.Ro-Ro),andothergeneralfreight.Someportshandleallcategoriesoffreight,whileothersfocusonparticularcategories;differenttypesofhandlingequipmentatportsareusuallyrequiredforthesedifferentcategoriesoffreight.1.Trendsinmaritimefreighttransportand
