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1、理论计算机科学中的几个问题应明生清华大学计算机科学与技术系智能技术与系统国家重点实验室EATCS(欧洲理论计算机科学协会):主办杂志:TheoreticalComputerScience主办会议:ICALP(InternationalColloquimonAutomata,Languages,andProgramming)“TheoreticalComputerScienceismathematicalandabstractinspirit,butitderivesitsmotivationsfrompracticalan
2、deverydaycomputation.Itsaimistounderstandthenatureofcomputationand,asaconsequenceofthisunderstanding,providemoreefficientmethodologies.”SectionA:Algorithms,automata,complexityandgamesSectionB:Logic,semanticsandtheoryofprogrammingSectionC:Naturalcomputing(evolution
3、arycomputing,neuralnetwork,molecularcomputring,quantumcomputing,…)美国的理论计算机科学:ACMSTOC,IEEEFOCS算法与复杂性,人工智能理论(如LogicalAI)欧洲的理论计算机科学:形式化方法,形式语义学,…我国在理论计算机科学(包括美式、欧式)方面有许多非常出色的工作如何进一步发展我国的理论计算机科学?P.R.Halmos:“问题是数学的心脏”推而广之:“问题是一切(纯)科学的心脏”发展理论计算机科学,我们需要好的问题!波兰(华沙、里沃夫)数学学
4、派的启示:有自己特色的、根本性的问题有与国际上同类工作相同的深度问题1:可否建立基于量子逻辑(或其它非经典逻辑)的计算理论?是否需要建立这样的理论?AnaxiomatizationofamathematicaltheoryconsistsofasystemoffundamentalnotionsaswellasasetofaxiomsaboutthesenotionsAmathematicaltheoryisthenthesetoftheoremswhichcanbederivedfromtheaxiomsOneneeds
5、acertainlogictoprovidetoolsforreasoninginthederivationofthesetheoremsfromtheaxiomsA.Heyting(1963),AxiomaticProjectiveGeometry,North-Holland,Amsterdam,1963InelementaryaxiomaticslogicwasusedinanunanalyzedformThestudiesforfoundationsofmathematicsbeginningintheearlyof
6、twentiethcentury:Ithadbeenrealizedthatamajorpartofmathematicshastoexploitthefullpowerofclassical(Boolean)logic,thestrongestoneinthefamilyofexistinglogicsAfewmathematicianstooksomekindofconstructivepositionwhichisinmoreorlessexplicitoppositiontocertainformsofmathem
7、aticalreasoningusedbythemajorityofthemathematicalcommunity:L.E.J.Brouwer,H.Poincare,L.Kronecker,H.WeylSomeofthemevenendeavoredtoestablishso-calledconstructivemathematics,thepartofmathematicsthatcouldberebuiltonconstructivistprinciplesThelogicemployedinthedevelopme
8、ntofconstructivemathematicsisintuitionisticlogicwhichisweakerthanclassicallogic20世纪逻辑学家创造了许多不同于经典(Boolean)逻辑与直觉主义逻辑的非经典逻辑逻辑学家的问题:是否可能建立基于除直觉主义逻辑之外的非经典逻辑