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1、质性研究入门章崇会研究问题研究目的研究背景研究方法研究效度研究时代背景下的人性问题我们必须借有适当的“中介”来认识研究对象。你没有相应的背景，就看不出来，就是从实际出发就是看看到底怎么回事？中介：创造出各种超验的哲学学说，如人类为了寻求最根本的东西的意义，创造本体论（可能隐藏在经验背后），它在一段时间内就是人们普遍认为的超验的存在。社会科学的哲学背景：本体论(ontology)—无本体论；主客体关系—主体间（intersubjective）关系；现象学（本质即现象）--阐释学（理解和阐释）--建构主义（建构现实）……。Insearchofex
2、cellence:lessonsformAmerica’sbest-runcompaniesPetersandWaterman(1982)Theyvisitedcompanies,conductedextensiveinterviews,andstudiedcorporatedocuments.Theyextractedeightattributesofexcellence:abiasforaction;closetothecustomer;autonomyandentrepreneurship;productivitythroughpeop
3、le;hands-on,value-driven;sticktotheknitting;simpleform,leanstaff;andsimultaneousloose-tightproperties.Theirresearchhelpedlaunchthequalitymovementthathasnowmovedfrombusinessworldtonot-for-profitorganizationsandgovernment.HighlyeffectivepeopleStephencovey(1990)Casestudiesandi
4、dentifiedsevenhabitsthesepeoplepractice:beingproactive;beginningwiththeendinmind;puttingfirstthingsfirst;thinkwin/win;seekingfirsttounderstand,thenseekingtobeunderstood;synergizing,orengagingincreativecooperation;self-renewal.AnastuteanddedicatedobserverofrelationshipClarkM
5、oustakeas(1995),ahumanisticpsychologistandphenomenologist.Drewdeeplyonhisownexperiencesandclinicalcasestoidentify,distinguish,andelaboratethreeprimaryprocessesthatcontributetothedevelopmentofarelationship:Being-in,Being-for,andBeingwith.Beingwith,asenseofjointenterprise—two
6、peoplefullyinvolved,struggling,exploring,sharing.Throughcases,dialogues,quotations,case,andintrospectivereflections.Authorilluminatestheprocessofmovingtheprocessandexemplifiesthecontributionofphenomenologicalinquirytohumanisticpsychology.Thedesignofaresearchstudybeginswitht
7、heselectionofatopicandaparadigm.Aparadigmisessentiallyaworldview,awholeframeworkofbeliefs,valuesandmethodswithinwhichresearchtakesplace.Itisthisworldviewwithinwhichresearcherswork.AimforcredibilityThetheoreticalpositioningoftheresearcherThecongruencebetweenmethodologyandmet
8、hodsThestrategiestoestablishrigorTheanalyticlensthroughwhichthedataareexaminedTheo
