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1、132132CHEMISTRYUNIT5STATESOFMATTERThesnowflakefalls,yetlaysnotlongItsfeathírygrasponMotherEarthEreSunreturnsittothevaporsWhenceitcame,Ortowaterstumblingdowntherockyslope.AfterstudyingthisunityouwillbeabletoRodOíConnor•explaintheexistenceofdifferentstatesofmatterintermsofbalancebetweenint
2、ermolecularforcesandthermalenergyofparticles;INTRODUCTION•explainthelawsgoverningInpreviousunitswehavelearntaboutthepropertiesbehaviourofidealgases;relatedtosingleparticleofmatter,suchasatomicsize,•applygaslawsinvariousreallifeionizationenthalpy,electronicchargedensity,molecularsituation
3、s;shapeandpolarity,etc.Mostoftheobservablecharacteristicsofchemicalsystemswithwhichweare•explainthebehaviourofrealgases;familiarrepresentbulkpropertiesofmatter,i.e.,thepropertiesassociatedwithacollectionofalargenumber•describetheconditionsrequiredofatoms,ionsormolecules.Forexample,anindi
4、vidualforliquifactionofgases;moleculeofaliquiddoesnotboilbutthebulkboils.•realisethatthereiscontinuityinCollectionofwatermoleculeshavewettingproperties;gaseousandliquidstate;individualmoleculesdonotwet.Watercanexistasice,•differentiatebetweengaseouswhichisasolid;itcanexistasliquid;oritca
5、nexistinstateandvapours;thegaseousstateaswatervapourorsteam.Physical•explainpropertiesofliquidsinpropertiesofice,waterandsteamareverydifferent.Intermsofintermolecularallthethreestatesofwaterchemicalcompositionofwaterattractions.remainsthesamei.e.,HO.Characteristicsofthethree2statesofwate
6、rdependontheenergiesofmoleculesandonthemannerinwhichwatermoleculesaggregate.Sameistrueforothersubstancesalso.Chemicalpropertiesofasubstancedonotchangewiththechangeofitsphysicalstate;butrateofchemicalreactionsdodependuponthephysicalstate.Manytimesincalculationswhiledealingwithdataofexperi
7、mentswerequireknowledgeofthestateofmatter.Therefore,itbecomesnecessaryforachemisttoknowthephysical133STATESOFMATTER133lawswhichgovernthebehaviourofmatterinsohappenthatmomentarilyelectronicchargedifferentstates.Inthisunit,wewilllearndistributioninoneoftheatoms,say‘A’,morea