美国高中化学教材一

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1、SOMEBASICCONCEPTSOFCHEMISTRY1UNIT1SOMEBASICCONCEPTSOFCHEMISTRYChemistryisthescienceofmoleculesandtheirtransformations.Itisthesciencenotsomuchoftheonehundredelementsbutoftheinfinitevarietyofmoleculesthatmaybebuiltfromthem...Afterstudyingthisunit,youwill

2、beabletoRoaldHoffmann·understandandappreciatetheroleofchemistryindifferentspheresoflife;·explainthecharacteristicsofthreestatesofmatter;Chemistrydealswiththecomposition,structureand·classifydifferentsubstancesintopropertiesofmatter.Theseaspectscanbebes

3、tdescribedelements,compoundsandmixtures;andunderstoodintermsofbasicconstituentsofmatter:·defineSIbaseunitsandlistsomeatomsandmolecules.Thatiswhychemistryiscalledcommonlyusedprefixes;thescienceofatomsandmolecules.Canwesee,weigh·usescientificnotationsand

4、andperceivetheseentities?Isitpossibletocounttheperformsimplemathematicalnumberofatomsandmoleculesinagivenmassofmatteroperationsonnumbers;andhaveaquantitativerelationshipbetweenthemassand·differentiatebetweenprecisionandnumberoftheseparticles(atomsandmo

5、lecules)?Wewillaccuracy;liketoanswersomeofthesequestionsinthisUnit.We·determinesignificantfigures;wouldfurtherdescribehowphysicalpropertiesofmatter·convertphysicalquantitiesfromcanbequantitativelydescribedusingnumericalvaluesonesystemofunitstoanother;w

6、ithsuitableunits.·explainvariouslawsofchemicalcombination;1.1IMPORTANCEOFCHEMISTRY·appreciatesignificanceofatomicSciencecanbeviewedasacontinuinghumanefforttomass,averageatomicmass,molecularmassandformulasystematizeknowledgefordescribingandunderstanding

7、mass;nature.Forthesakeofconveniencescienceissub-divided·describetheterms–moleandintovariousdisciplines:chemistry,physics,biology,molarmass;geologyetc.Chemistryisthebranchofsciencethatstudies·calculatethemasspercentofthecomposition,propertiesandinteract

8、ionofmatter.differentelementsconstitutingaChemistsareinterestedinknowinghowchemicalcompound;transformationsoccur.Chemistryplaysacentralrolein·determineempiricalformulaandscienceandisoftenintertwinedwithotherbranchesofmolecularformulafor