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ID:52136376
大小:7.15 MB
页数:37页
时间:2020-04-01
《胸片读片与心影改变.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、胸片阅读与心影改变谭洪毅X-rays-describeradiationwhichispartofthespectrumwhichincludesvisiblelight,gammaraysandcosmicradiation.Unlikevisiblelight,radiationpassesthroughstuff.WhenyoushineabeamofX-Rayatapersonandputafilmontheothersideofthemashadowisproducedoftheinsideoftheirbody.Di
2、fferenttissuesinourbodyabsorbX-raysatdifferentextents:Bone-highabsorption(white)Tissue-somewhereinthemiddleabsorption(grey)Air-lowabsorption(black)Besystematic:1)CheckthequalityofthefilmFilmQualityFirstdetermineisthefilmaPAorAPview.PA-thex-rayspenetratethroughtheback
3、ofthepatientontothefilmAP-thex-rayspenetratethroughthefrontofthepatientontothefilm.Allx-raysinthePICUareportableandareAPviewFilmQuality(cont)Wasfilmtakenunderfullinspiration?-10posteriorribsshouldbevisible.WhydoIsayposteriorhere?WhenX-raybeamspassthroughtheanteriorch
4、estontothefilmUnderthepatient,theribsclosertothefilm(posterior)aremostapparent.Areallygoodfilmwillshowanteriorribstoo,thereshouldBe6toqualifyasagoodinspiratoryfilm.Quality(cont.)Isthefilmoverorunderpenetratedifunderpenetratedyouwillnotbeabletoseethethoracicvertebrae.
5、Quality(cont)CheckforrotationDoesthethoracicspinealigninthecenterofthesternumandbetweentheclavicles?Aretheclavicleslevel?VerifyRightandLeftsidesGastricbubbleshouldbeontheleftX线一、心胸比:心脏横径与胸廓横径之比.正常值:<0.5,分为三度,0.51~0.55为轻度、0.56~0.60为中度、大于0.60为高度增大。缺点:受体型,横膈位置影响大,横位心及垂位
6、心较大误差;不能反映心脏前后径的增大。心胸比测量示意图一心胸比等于:T1+T2/Th;T1:右心缘距中线的最大距离;T2:左心缘距中线的最大距离;Th:胸廓横径,以通过右膈顶上缘测量胸廓横径为准。摘自<<临床心脏x线诊断学>>刘玉清主编B:心脏横径,两心缘最凸点垂直线之间的距离。A:胸廓最大横径。心胸比:B/A摘自<<影像诊断学[美]PeterArmstrong著邱健泰等译>>心胸比测量示意图二二、心高比:取右心房与大血管交点至右心膈角水平线垂直距离为右心房高,取主动脉弓项至右心膈角水平线垂直距离为心高,两者之比右心房一心高比率
7、。平均0.46±0.04,反映右心房增大.。三、主,肺动脉的测量1.升主动脉宽径(A1),以升主动脉右缘最凸点至中线的垂直距离计(如果升主动脉外缘不清,可按上腔静脉外缘计)。100例青壮年的测量(下同):平均2.58±0.48cm。2.主动脉结宽径(A2),主动脉结最凸点至大气管左线主动脉结压迹最凹的距离。平均2.76土0.28厘米。3.主动脉长径(A3),自右心缘大血管与右心房交点至主动脉结最凸点的距离。平均9.35土1.61厘米。1.肺动脉段基线(P1);主动脉结~肺动脉交点与肺动脉~左心房耳部(或左心室)交点的连线。平均4
8、.88±0.72cm。2.主肺动脉干横径(P2):自肺动脉段最凸点(或最凹点,如平直则取其中点)至正中线的垂直距离。平均3.86±0.53。3.肺动脉段凸出度(P3):自肺动脉段最凸点(或最凹点)至肺动脉段基线的垂直距离,如果肺动脉段为平直则其凸出废为0,凸出者
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