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1、HamminEndgame:ATragicHeroLikeHamletabstract:thepaperanalyzeshamm’stragedyinendgame.itpointsoutthathammisatragicherolikehamlet.firstly,thenamehammisprobablyareferencetoshakespeare’shamlet,meanwhile,hammandhamletbothstageaplay.secondly,hamm’swordsaremost
2、similartohamlet’swords.finally,theyarebothoverwhelmedbydoubtsandhesitations,whichpreventthemfromanyaction.keywords:samuelbeckett;endgame;hamm;hamletsamuelbarclaybeckettwasanirishwriter,dramatistandpoet,writinginenglishandfrench.endgamewassamuelbeckett’
3、sfirstfull-lengthplayafterhisfamouswaitingforgodot.endgamehelpedtocementbeckett’sroleasoneofthe(ifnotthe)mostimportantplaywrightsofthe20thcentury.theterm“tragedy”isonethatelicitspresuppositioninamoderncontext.tragediessuchashamletbywilliamshakespeare(1
4、564-1616)andendgamebysamuelbeckett(1906-1989),thoughwrittenincompletelydifferenterashundredsofyearsapart,bothserveassourcesofboundlesspessimismandsituationalcomedy.bothhamletandendgamehavepessimisticthemesincommon;oneofhamlet’srecurringthemesistheinevi
5、tabilityofdeathandtheinescapabilityofdestiny.endgame’sprevalentthemesarethehumanexistentialdilemmaandtheeffectofman’slackofcontrolovereverydaylife.moreover,thestrongestshakespeareanconnectiontoendgamecanbeobservedthroughthecomparisonofhammandhamlet.ont
6、heonehand,someresearchersthinkthatthenamehammisareferencetoshakespeare’shamlet.[2]120,whichmakeshammsomethingofaravingprincewhowillultimatelybringabouthisowndestruction.besides,endgameisametatheatricalplay.shakespearsisperhapsthemostconsummaterepresent
7、itiveofthetheaterofalltime,asacharacter,anactor,adirector,aplaywright,andacritic,hecouldandactuallydidmakeuseofmetadramaintuitively.[3]183endgameisaplaywithinaplay.hammstageshisowndeath,hethrowsawaythegaff,thewhistleandthedog.hamletalsostagesaplaywhenh
8、ebelievesthathisunclekilledhisfatherforthethrone.inaddition,hamletgivesasoliloquy,hesomewhatpretendstobemadbecauseheknowsheisbeingwatched.actually,heisbeingwatchedbybothpoloniusandthekingduringthesoliloquy.ontheotherhand,hamm’swordsarem
