供应链管理与电子商务.ppt

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1、生产与运作管理ProductionandOperationsManagement清华大学经济管理学院刘丽文1第8讲供应链管理与电子商务供应链管理中的采购管理与在线采购配送管理电子商务与供应链中的三种流电子商务给供应链管理带来的变革2物料采购管理的重要性物料采购成本占企业生产运作成本的比重很大劣质物料给企业所带来的成本，尤其是潜在成本十分昂贵物料供应极大地影响企业产品的及时交货3物料采购管理的要旨对不同物料采取不同的管理策略加强供应商管理4如何对不同物料采取不同的管理策略？WhatBusinessesBu

2、yManufacturingInputsOperatinginputs(MRO)Neededtocarryoutdaytodayoperationsbutnotdirectinputstothefinishedproductormajormanufacturingprocessesofthefirm.Tendtobedeliverablebygeneralmeansandprovidedbyfirmsservingmultipleindustries.Directinputstothefinishedp

3、roductormajormanufacturingprocessesofthefirm.Tendtobeindustryspecificandoften,onlydeliverablebyspecializedmeansorcarriers.5如何对不同物料采取不同的管理策略(续）？HowBusinessesBuySystematicSourcingSpotSourcingFormalized,structured,negotiatedproceduresadheredtooveramoderateo

4、rlongtermhorizon.Goodsareneededonanongoingbasisortheiravailabilityiscritical.Leadtimesanddeliverymethodsarekey.Purchasedonopenmarkets,armslengthrelationships,withseveral/manysuppliers.Bestfitwhenforsatisfyingasporadicneedforacommodityoraneedforaninputtha

5、thassignificantEOSinitsprovisionormanufacturingandthebuyerdoesnotneedenoughtojustifycontinuousproduction.6如何对不同物料采取不同的管理策略(续）？WhatBusinessesBuyHowBusinessesBuySystematicSourcingSpotSourcingManufacturingInputsOperatingSuppliesAggregationBenefitsAggregatio

6、n+matchingBenefitsIssues/Concerns:-MaintainQuality-Reliabledelivery(JIT)-MinimizeCost-ImprovedflexibilityIssues/Concerns:-MinimizeCost-ReliableDelivery-Cutbureaucracy-MaintaincontrolIssues/Concerns:-ItemAvailability-MinimizeCost-Immediateresponse-Minimiz

7、ehasslesIssues/Concerns:-Itemavailability-ImmediateDelivery-MinimizeCost7WhatandhowbusinessbuyManufacturinginputsoperatinginputs*行业特点突出*行业特点不突出*纵向采购*横向采购*交易成本与交易金额*交易成本与交易金额之比较低之比较高*可选择的供应商数目少*可选择的供应商数目多**8如何进行在线采购？—ClassifyingB2BHubsWhatBusinessesBuyHo

8、wBusinessesBuySystematicSourcingSpotSourcingManufacturingInputsOperatingSuppliesAggregationBenefitsAggregation+matchingBenefitsMROHubs:-Ariba-W.W.Grainger-MRO.com-BigBuyer.comYieldManagers:-Employease.com-AdAuction.com-Cap