高考调研高三一轮总复习温习英语语法专项六.ppt

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1、语法专项(六)定语从句Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMrSmith.宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)人whomTheboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)人who关系代词与关系副词的判定典句例示在从句中所作成分指代范围关系词考点关系代词与关系副词的判定whose(=ofwhom/=ofwhich)人或物定语①Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom)isanengineer?②Helivesin

2、ahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich)facesouth.which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)①Childrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpictures.②Thepen(which)myunclegavemeismissing.关系代词与关系副词的判定that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句)①Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.②Idon’tknowtheman(that)youmen

3、tioned.as人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子)主语、宾语、表语①Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedtheelectriclamp.suchabookas②Iwanttoreadthesamebookasyouread.③Heisnotthesamemanashewas.关系代词与关系副词的判定when(=适当介词+which)时间时间状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.where(=适当介词+which)地点地点状语Thefact

4、orywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.why(=forwhich)原因原因状语NoneofusknowsthereasonwhyTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.关系代词与关系副词的判定1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用that或which作宾语，that/which也可省略2.当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词时，后面定语从句的关系词使用有两种情况

5、：第一，当定语从句缺主语或宾语时，用which或that。第二，当定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，通常用where①Idon’tbelievethereason(which/that)hewaslateforschoolfor.(which/that)hegaveme.②Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.关系代词与关系副词的判定当先行词way意为“方式；方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：一、当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，用关系代词that或which。二、当定语

6、从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，可用inwhich，that或不用任何关系词①Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于inthis/thatway)②Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语)③Theway(that/which)heshowedusleadstothesmallvillage

7、.(way意为“道路”)特别提醒1.如何选择关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致①oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词②theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词几组关系代词的区别用that不用which先行词是all,much,little,somethin

8、g,everything,anything,nothing,none时①Anythingthatcanburnisasourceofheatenergy.②Pleasegetreadyforeverything(that)weneed.先行词被only,any,few,no,very,little等修饰时①Thisi