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1、高中英语定语从句详解◆英语谚语欣赏1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念:(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行
2、词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when、why、whereThestudentwhoansw
3、eredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)
4、(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
5、6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwaso
6、nthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)更多资料关注@高中学习资料库求资料加微信:gzxxzlk5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedF
7、rench.(定语)6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin
8、,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.比较:Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyou