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1、Chapter2OverviewofTransportation&Oceanshipping1KeywordsandtermsTransportationmodes运输方式Roadtransport/railtransport/airtransport/watertransport/pipelineIntermodaltransportation多式联运Intermodaltransportoperator多式联运经营人Intermodalservice联运服务Trucking卡车运输maritimetransport海洋运输2Introduct
2、ionTransportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromaplaceoforigntoaplaceofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.3IntroductionTransportationencompassfivetypes,ormodes:water,air,road,railandpipelineM
3、aritimeshippingMaritimeFreight,Cargoships,ShippingService4TransportationModeHighlights5Economicalcomparedwithtrucking,especiallyoverlongdistances(cost-effective)Canberapid,especiallyoverlongdistancesGoodforlargevolumeHaulsmainlycoal,grain,fertilizer,mineral,lumber,autos,conta
4、inersRail6DisadvantagesThemajordisadvantagesofrailwayaretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation,fixedtimeschedulesandmarshalling,andservicefromterminaltoterminal.7AllowsrapidmovementofgoodsovershortdistanceAllows“justintime”deliveriesDirect,flexible,cangoanywhereroadsareAdoortodo
5、orserviceUsesexistingroadwayinfrastructureTruckingforgoodsmovement,autoforpassengerRoad8DisadvantagesWiththedevelopmentofroadtransportation,newtypesofproblems,suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption,airpollution,trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged.9AirGoodfor--Time
6、sensitivematerials--Mail--Lightweightmaterial--Perishable--ValuableShorttimecycleforinfrastructurebuildingExtremelyrapid,flexibledeliveryExpensiveBeeasilyinfluencedbyheavyweather10WaterwaysIncludesrivers,lakes,canal,waterways,maritimeshippingMovealargenumberofcargoesGoodforbu
7、lkfreightLowcostLowspeed11FreightmodalcapacitiesWhyarethesedifferencesimportanttous?12Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek,fiftytwoweeksperyear.(continuous)intensiveinfrastructureinvestmentLowcostLowpollutionMostlyforgoodssuchaspetroleum,naturalgasandcoal
8、(specificcargos)Inflexible–carryonecommodityfromalocationtoanotherPi
