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1、Unit4GrammarTheAttributiveClauseComplexsentence复合句：连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句从句（定从/主从/宾从/表从/同位从/状从）+一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexa
2、m.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributiveclause(定语从句）:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)关系副词where(地点状语)when(时间状
3、语)why(原因状语)修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that关系副词：when,where定语从句的位置定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTh
4、eapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.引导定语从句的关系代词that既指人又指物,作主语或宾语。which指物,作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时,可省去。Heisalittleboy.Heiseating.Heisalittleboywhoiseating.
5、who,whom指人，在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)。Declanisafamoussinger.Hesingsthesongtellmewhy.Declanisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongtellmewhy.Whom指人,在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheJiangbinPark?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)Icalled
6、justnowisfromAmerica.2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.(主语)3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(宾语)4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.(宾语)Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.Which在从句中
7、作主语或宾语，指物。Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.(宾语)whose在从句中作定语，指人或物。1)MissWangistheteacher.Herhousecaughtfirel
8、astweek.MissWangistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboy.Theteachertalkedofhiscomposition.Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.ThenoodlesthatIc
