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1、Gradualness作者：丰子恺译者：张培基使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。在不知不觉之中，天真烂漫的孩子“渐渐”变成野心勃勃的青年；慷慨豪侠的青年“渐渐”变成冷酷的成人；血气旺盛的成人“渐渐”变成顽固的老头子。因为其变更是渐进的，一年一年地、一月一月地、一日一日地、一时一时地、一分一分地、一秒一秒地渐进，犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹，不见其各阶段的境界，而似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变，又无时不有生的意趣与价值，于是人生就被确实肯定，而圆滑进行
2、了。故可知人生是由“渐”维持的。这在女人恐怕尤为必要：歌剧中，舞台上的如花的少女，就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子，这句话，骤听使人不能相信，少女也不肯承认，实则现在的老婆子都是由如花的少女“渐渐”变成的。Thesubtlefactorthatmakeslifeendurableis“gradualness”.Itisbythis“gradualness”thattheCreatordeceivesallhumans.Throughtheprocessofimperceptiblegradualchange,innocent
3、kidsbecomeambitiousyouths,chivalrousyouthsbecomeunfeelinggrownups,aggressivegrownupsbecomemulisholdfogeys.GradualnessSincethechangetakesplacebyslowdegrees---yearbyyear,monthbymonth,daybyday,hourbyhour,minutebyminute,secondbysecond,youfeelasifyouwerepermanentlyy
4、oursameoldselfalwaysseeingmuchfunandmeaninginlife,likeone,walkingalong,longwaydownanextremelygentlemountainslope,hardlyperceivesitsdegreeofinclineornoticesthealteredscenesashemovesalong.Youthustakeapositiveviewoflifeandfinditendurable.Supposeakidsuddenlybecamea
5、youngmanovernight,orayoungmansuddenlybecameanoldmaninamatterofhoursfromdawntilldusk,youwoulddefinitelyfeelastonished,emotionallystirredandsad,orloseanyinterestinlifeduetoitstransience.Thegradualnessisparticularlycrucialtowomen.Beautifulyoungladiesstarringinanop
6、eraorstageshowwillsomedayendupbecominggranniesmopingtheirremainingyearsawayaroundafire.Thismayatfirstsoundincredibleandyoungladiesmayrefusetoacceptitastrue.Factis,however,allagedwomenyoumeettodayhavewithoutexceptiongraduallyevolvedfrombeautifulyoungladiesofyest
7、erday.渐Gradualness“渐”也可译为gradualchange，现译为gradualness与原文形式一致，并用了英语里的名词化现象： “gradualgradualness”突出作者此篇散文的正式(formal)文体，较gradualchange更简洁、庄重。使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。Thesubtlefactorthatmakeslifeendurableis“gradualness”.Itisbythis“gradualness”thattheCre
8、atordeceivesallhumans.渐非基本主题→语篇中心主题:“渐(Gradualness)”使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。Thesubtlefactorthatmakeslifeendurableis“gradualness”.Itisbythis“gradualness”thattheCr
