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1、1.Q:Whatisthescopeoflinguistics?Thescopeoflinguisticscanbeillustratedas:1)Generallinguistics:thestudyoflanguageaswhole.Itdealswiththebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.2)Phonetics:thestudyofsoundsusedincommunication.3)Ph
2、onology:thestudyabouthowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication.4)Morphology:thestudyofthewayinwhichsymbols/morphemesarearrangedtoformwords.5)Syntax:thestudyoftherulesaboutthecombinationofwordstoformpermisiblesentences.6)Semantics:thestudyofmeaning.7
3、)Pragmatics:thestudyofmeaninginthecontextofuse.AndtheInterdisciplinarybranches.1)Sociolinguistics2)Psycholinguistics……………2.Q:Whatmakesmodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinseveralbasicways:firstly,modernlingui
4、sticsisdescriptive,itdescribesthelanguageasitis;whiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive,it10prescribesthewaylanguageshouldbeused.Secondly,modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.Then,modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammaralsointhatitdoes
5、notforcelanguagesintoalatin-basedframework.3.Q:Whatisaphone?Howisitdifferentfromaphoneme?Howareallophonesrelatedtoaphoneme?Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit.Itisnotanyparticularsound.Thediff
6、erentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.4.Q:Explainwithexamplesthesequentialrule,theassimilationruleandthedeletionrule?1)Sequentialrulesformthelettersas“k,h,l,j”intoallpossiblewordsinEnglish.Wemightorderth
7、emas:blik,klib,bilk,kilb.withoutotherorders.Soitindicatesthattherearerulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguage.Onespecialsequentialrulethat……2)Assimilationrule:itassimilatesonesoundtoanotherbycopyingafeatherofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophoness
8、imilar.Forexample:“illegal”,inlegal3)Deletionrule:Itcanbestatedas:deletea[g]whenitoccursbefore10afinalnasalconsonant.forexam
