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1、1.Q:Whatisthescopeoflinguistics?Thescopeoflinguisticscanbeillustratedas:1)Generallinguistics:thestudyoflanguageaswhole.Itdealswiththebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.2)Phonetics:thestudyofsoundsusedincommunication.3)Phonology:thestudyabouthowso
2、undsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication.4)Morphology:thestudyofthewayinwhichsymbols/morphemesarearrangedtoformwords.5)Syntax:thestudyoftherulesaboutthecombinationofwordstoformpermisiblesentences.6)Semantics:thestudyofmeaning.7)Pragmatics:thestudyofmeaninginthecontextofuse.Andth
3、eInterdisciplinarybranches.1)Sociolinguistics2)Psycholinguistics……………2.Q:Whatmakesmodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinseveralbasicways:firstly,modernlinguisticsisdescriptive,itdescribesthelanguageasitis;whiletraditionalgrammarispresc
4、riptive,itprescribesthewaylanguageshouldbeused.Secondly,modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.Then,modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammaralsointhatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoalatin-basedframework.3.Q:Whatisaphone?Howisitdifferentfromaphoneme?Howareallophonesr
5、elatedtoaphoneme?Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit.Itisnotanyparticularsound.6Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.4.Q:Explainwithexamplesthese
6、quentialrule,theassimilationruleandthedeletionrule?1)Sequentialrulesformthelettersas“k,h,l,j”intoallpossiblewordsinEnglish.Wemightorderthemas:blik,klib,bilk,kilb.withoutotherorders.Soitindicatesthattherearerulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguage.Onespecialsequentialrulethat…
7、…2)Assimilationrule:itassimilatesonesoundtoanotherbycopyingafeatherofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.Forexample:“illegal”,inlegal3)Deletionrule:Itcanbestatedas:deletea[g]whenitoccursbeforeafinalnasalconsonant.forexample
