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1、HowtoWriteaScientificPaper*ByGeorgeM.WhitesidesDepartmentofChemistryandChemicalBiology,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA02138,USA科学论文写作*原著:GeorgeM.Whitesides(美国)译者:张希,林志宏Whatisascientificpaper?Apaperisanorganizeddescriptionofhypotheses,dataandconclusions,intendedtoinstructthereader.F^persareac
2、entralpartofresearch.Ifyourresearchdoesnotgeneratepapers,itmightjustaswellnothavebeendone.Jnterestingandunpublished^,isequivalentto“non-existent.”什么是科技论文?科技论文是集假说、数据和结论为一体的概括性描述,以此向读者论述。论文是研究工作的屮心部分。如果你的研究没有写成论文,也就等同于没有做硏究。有意义但没有发表,等同于不存在。Ftealizethatyourobjectiveinresearchistoformulateandt
3、esthypotheses,todrawconelusionsfromthesetests,andtoteachtheseconclusionstoothers・burobjectiveisnotto"collectdata.”要意:识到研究的H的是为了形成并证实假说,从一些测试屮得出结论,并把结论传授给别人。你的研究H的不是简单的收集数据。Apaperisnotjustanarchivaldeviceforstoringacompletedresearchprogram,itisalsoastructureforplanningyourresearchinprogress
4、・Ifyouclearlyunderstandthepurposeandformofapaper,itcanbeimmenselyusefultoyouinorganizingandconductingyourresearch.Agoodoutlineforthepaperisalsoagoodplanfortheresearchprogram.bushouldwriteandrewritetheseplans/outlinesthroughoutthecourseoftheresearch.Atthebeginning,youwillhavemostlyplan;atth
5、eend,mostlyoutline・Thecontinuousefforttounderstand,analyze,summarize,andreformulatehypothesesonpaperwillbeimmenselymoreefficientforyouthanaprocessinwhichyoucollectdataandonlystarttoorganizethemwhentheircollectioniLcomplete.”一篇论文并不仅仅是收集己经得到的研究结呆,它也冇助于形成进一步的研究工作的框架。如果明确了论文的H的,这对于计划开展你的研究工作有很大
6、益处。好的文章提要也是研究工作的好计划,在研究的过程屮,应该反复修改这些计划或提要•研究工作开始时,应有完善的计划:工作结來时,应充分的总结。最有效率的做法是及时的理解,分析,总结,形成假说;而不是等到完成时才开始收集和整理数据。Thereasonforoutlines・Iemphasizethecentralplaceofanoutlineinwritingpapers,preparingseminars,andplanningresearch.Iespeciallybelievethatforyou,andforme,itismostefficienttowritepap
7、ersfromoutlines.Anoutlineisawrittenplanoftheorganizationofapaper,includingthedataonwhichitrests・bushould,infact,thinkofanoutlineasacarefullyorganizedandpresentedsetofdata,withattendsntobjectives,hypothesesandconclusions,ratherthananoutlineoftext.为什么要行提纲