主题科学论文写作坊

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1、主題與主題句段落(paragraph)-一串有相關意義句子白勺組合(agnmpofsentencesthatarerelatedeachotheranddevelopamainidea)主題(topic):每一個段落欲闡述的事物或概念。練習：structureofthefirstraymusclearchitectureandfascicleanglereliabilityofPSFS主題句(topicsentence):每一段落中表逹該段落的樞紐想法(controllingidea)的句子，通常在笫一句、笫一句、或最後一句。1.主題句不是主題(topic)的意思，

2、而是對某一主題有意見的論述，所以是一個含有論述的句子(sentence)?而非一個片語(phrase)。topicsentence=topic+controllingidea2.主題句是用來介紹該段落的主題與主題論述，而其餘的句子都是用來闡述這個樞紐想法的。因此，與主題相關、但與樞紐想法無關者不應置入該段落。練習：閱讀下列文章並找出其主題與主題句，並且看看是否有與主題不相干的句子。Low-voltagemicroamperagestimulation(LVMAS),characterizedasanelectricalstimulationwithverylowcu

3、rrent,isadvocatedtopromotetissuehealing.Itistheorizedthathealthytissueistheresultofthedirectflowofelectricalcurrentthroughoutthebody.ItistheopinionofBeckerandSheldonthatwhenthebodyisinjured,theelectricalbalanceisdisruptedinthatparticularregion,causingtheelectricalcurrenttochangecourse.

4、TheuseofLVMASovertheinjuredsiteisthoughttorealignthisflow,thusaidintissuerepair.Individualswhoparticipateinskiing,football,soccer,andotherturf(草地)sportsthatinvolveplantingofthefootandcuttingmayhavethegreatestriskforanklesyndesmoticsprains.Eventhoughtheskier'sfootandanklemightreceivesom

5、eprotectionfromtherigidshelloftheskiboot,Fritschyhasnotedthatsyndesmosisinjurieshavebeenobservedfrequentlyinelite(菁英)professionalskiers.Contributingfactorstothisinjuryamongeliteskiersmaybetheextremelyrapidturnsandsuddenforcefulexternalrotationofthewideningoftheanklemortiseandruptureoft

6、heligamentousstructuresresponsibleforstabilizingthedistalsyndesmoticarticulation.Injurymechanismsotherthanthoseincurredduringsportingactivitiesincludefalls,twistingweight-bearinginjuries,andmotorvehicleaccidents.1.樞紐想法應該是清楚(clear)且針對特定主題(specific)。練習：F计straymobilityisimportant.topiccon

7、trollingideaTFirstraymobilityisimportantduringthepropulsivephaseofagaitcycle.2.段落的大小，並無一定規範，一般約為7-15句。如果無法在7-15句中完成論述，那表示主題或樞紐想法太大，必須縮窄。練習：11]Theuseofkinematicsandelectromyography(EMG)todeterminethetypeofmuscleactionassumesthatthechangeinlengthofthemuscle-tendoncomplexwillreflectthec