《计算机专业英语》.ppt

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1、计算机专业英语第1篇计算机专业英语本课程知识结构第2篇第3篇第4篇第1篇基础篇Chapter1ArchitectureofComputerSystemsTextAnydiscussionofcomputerarchitectures，ofhowcomputersandcomputersystemsareorganized，designed，andimplemented，willinevitablymakereferencetothe“vonNeumannarchitecture”asabasisforcomparison，becausev

2、irtuallyeveryelectroniccomputereverbuilthasbeenrootedinthisarchitecture.［1］返回第1篇基础篇Wehavestrongintuitivefeelingsaboutthe“vonNeumannarchitecture”，becausethisiswhatwehavealwaysused.Thisis“thewaycomputerswork”.Tocomprehendhowcomputerdesignersconceive，ortoappreciatewhatnewchoi

3、cesmustbefound，itisnecessarytohaveadefinitiveunderstandingofwhatthevonNeumannarchitectureisandisnotandwhatitsimplicationsare.ThevonNeumannarchitecturebasedonthreeideas：foursubsystems，storedprogramconceptandsequentialexecutionofinstructions.［2］第1篇基础篇FourSubsystemsAccordi

4、ngtoVonNeumann’spreliminarydiscussion，thegeneralpurposecomputingmachinecontainsfourmain“organs”.Theseareidentifiedasrelatingtoarithmetic，memory，control，andconnectionwiththehumanoperator.Inotherwords，theyarethearithmeticlogicunit，thecontrolunit，thememory，andtheinputoutput

5、devicesthatweseeintheclassicalmodelofwhatacomputer“lookslike”.Thecontrolunit（CU），arithmeticlogicunit（ALU）andregisterconstitutethecentralprocessingunit（CPU）第1篇基础篇FourSubsystemsAccordingtoVonNeumann’spreliminarydiscussion，thegeneralpurposecomputingmachinecontainsfourmain“o

6、rgans”.Theseareidentifiedasrelatingtoarithmetic，memory，control，andconnectionwiththehumanoperator.Inotherwords，theyarethearithmeticlogicunit，thecontrolunit，thememory，andtheinputoutputdevicesthatweseeintheclassicalmodelofwhatacomputer“lookslike”.Thecontrolunit（CU），arithmeti

7、clogicunit（ALU）andregisterconstitutethecentralprocessingunit（CPU）第1篇基础篇StoredProgramConceptToVonNeumann，thekeytobuildingageneralpurposedeviceliesinitsabilitytostorenotonlyitsdataandtheintermediateresultsofcomputation，butalsotostoretheinstructions，ororders，whichbringabout

8、thecomputation.［3］Inageneralpurposeone,theinstructionsmustbeaschangeableasthenumbersthey