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1、OperatingSystemPassage1,Unit2ComputerSoftwareCOMPUTER’STRAFFICCOPThecomputer’soperatingsystem(OS)keepstrafficrunningsmoothly.Youcanthinkoftheoperatingsystemasacomputerizedversionofatrafficcop,standingattheintersectionofthecomputer’shardware,applicationprograms,andtheuser.Becauseoperatingsys
2、temsworkcloselywiththecomputer’shardwareandwithapplicationprograms,allofthesecomponentsmustbedesignedtoworktogetherharmoniously.Theoperatingsystemrequiresaspecifictypeorfamilyofprocessors.BasicfunctionsofOSTheoperatingsystemstartsthecomputer,manageprograms,parcelsoutmemory,dealswithinputand
3、outputdevices,andprovidesameansofinteractingwiththeuser.parcelsth.outverb=todivideorsharesomethingamongseveralpeople:vt.划分，分配1.STARTINGTHECOMPUTERBooting(BIOS)Power-OnSelf-TestLoadingtheOSConfiguringLoadingSystemUtilitiesAuthenticatingUsersBootingWhenyoustartorrestartacomputer,itreloadstheO
4、Sintothecomputer’smemory.Thisprocessiscalledbooting,afterthenotionthatthecomputer“pullsitselfupbyitsbootstraps”.Bootvt.Toenter(aprogram)intoacomputerusingafewinitialinstructions.引导：使用一些初始命令进入计算机（的一个程序）bootstrapn鞋带pullyourselfupbyyourbootstraps=toimproveyourpositionandgetoutofadifficultsitua
5、tionbyyourownefforts,withouthelpfromotherpeople自力更生，自启动Coldboot:startthecomputerafterthepowerhasbeenswitchedoffWarmboot:restartacomputerthatisalreadyon.Thisisoftennecessaryafterinstallingnewsoftwareorafteranapplicationcrashes.InPcs,youcaninitiateawarmbootbypressingCtrl+Alt+Del.crashvi&vt=if
6、acomputercrashes,orifyoucrashthecomputer,itsuddenlystopsworking:（计算机）崩溃，死机E.g.ThesystemcrashedandIlostthreehours'worthofwork.Initiatev.trTosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin展开最初的工作,开始Inbothtypesofbooting,thecomputercopiestheessentialportionsoftheOS,calledthekernelorthesupervisorprogram,into
7、thecomputer’smemory,wheretheyremainduringtheentireoperatingsession.Thekerneliscalledmemoryresidentbecauseit“resides”inmemoryatalltimes.(Soitmustkeptassmallaspossible.)LessfrequentlyusedportionsoftheOS,callednonresident,arecopiedfromthediskasneeded.BIOSsc
