专业英语ppt.ppt

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1、reactiveadj.反应的，起反作应的reactV.起反应,起作用,反抗,起反作用reactivelyadv.反动地,反应性地reactivityn.反应,反动reactionn.反应，反作用，反动力reactantn.反应物reactorn.反应堆cationanionprotonelectron-on构成微粒词尾非金属元素词尾carbonboronsiliconargonin-；im-；ir-non-非；无；不nonlinear非线性的nonferrous不含铁的,非铁的nonmetal非金属inorganic无机的；无生物的impure不纯的irrelated不相关的Super-高

2、；过；超superacid太酸的,酸性过多的superalloy超耐热合金Sub-下；低于；副；亚；次subacidity弱酸性subgroup副族ChemistryInorganic~无机化学Organic~有机化学Analytical~分析化学Physical~物理化学Chemical:~property化学性质;~reaction化学反应；physicalproperty物理性质combinationreaction化合反应decompositionreaction分解反应replacementreaction置换反应doubledisplacementreaction复分解反应Dal

3、ton’satomictheory:Everythingismadeofsmallparticlescalledatoms;(2)Allatomsofanelementarealikeandatomsofdifferentelementsaredifferent;(3)Atomsofoneelementcannotbechangedintoatomsofanotherelementbychemicalreactions.Dalton(1766～1844)nucleus核子atom原子proton质子neutron中子electron电子复数nucleiAtomstructureaccordi

4、ngtomodernatomictheory:Romannumeralsareusedtodistinguishbetweendifferentcompoundsofametalwiththesameanion.Namely:Whenametalformsmorethanoneion,itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweentheseions.Thechargeoftheionbyaromannumeralinparenthesisimmediatelyfollowingthenameofthemetal.IonNamecompoudsNameFe2+iron(II

5、)FeCl2iron(II)chlorideFe3+iron(III)FeCl3iron(III)chlorideCu+copper(I)Cu2SO4copper(I)sulfateCu2+copper(II)CuSO4copper(II)sulfateIfmorethanonebinarycompoundisformedbyapairofnonmetals,theGreekprefixesdi(two),tri(three),tetra(four),penta(five),hexa(six),etc.areusedtodesignatethenumberofatomspresent.The

6、mono-prefixisrarelyused.CompoundNameN2O5dinitrogenpentoxideN2O4dinitrogentetroxideN2O3dinitrogentrioxideN2O2dinitrogendioxideN2OdinitrogenoxideNO2nitrogendioxideNOnitrogenoxidePrefixesareusedtodistinguishbetweendifferentcompoundsofthesamenonmetalsMeans:PeriodicTableHHydrogenHeHeliumLiLithiumBeBeryl

7、liumBBoronCCarbonNNitrogenOOxygenFFluorineNeNeonNaSodiumMgMagnesiumAlAluminumSiSiliconPPhosphorusSSulfurClChlorineArArgonKPotassiumCaCalciumGaGalliumGeGermaniumAsArsenicSeSeleniumBrBromineKrKryptonRbRubidiu