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1、SeveralLanguagesCalledEnglish（几种语言称之为英语）Englishisn’tmanagingtosweepallelsebeforeit-andifeverdoesbecometheuniversallanguage,manyofthosewhospeakitwon’tunderstandoneanother.在此之前，英语不能支配其他的全部，如果当初就成为通用的语言，那么那些说话人也是不能够相互理解的。MuchofwhatwillhappentoEnglishwecanonlyspeculateabout.But
2、let'spursueanideathatlanguageresearchersregardasfairlywellgrounded:nativespeakersofEnglisharealreadyoutnumberedbysecond-languageandforeign-languagespeakers,andwillbemoreheavilyoutnumberedastimegoeson.关于英语将会发生的许多变化我们仅仅只能作出推测。但是，让我们来追寻被语言研究者们认为是相关的背景：将英语作为第二语言或外语的人，在数量上超过了以英语
3、作为母语的人；并且随着时间的推移，还将超出更多。OneobviousimplicationisthatsomeproportionofthepeopleusingEnglishforbusinessorprofessionalpurposesaroundtheworldaren'tandneedn'tbefluentinit.RecentlyItalkedwithMichaelHenryHeim,aprofessorofSlavicliteraturesattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandapr
4、ofessionaltranslatorwhohasrenderedintoEnglishmajorworksbyMilanKunderaandGunterGrass.Byhiscount,hespeaks"tenorso"languages.Hetoldmeflatly,"Englishismucheasiertolearnpoorlyandtocommunicateinpoorlythananyotherlanguage.I'msurethatifHungaryweretheleaderoftheworld,Hungarianwouldn
5、otbetheworldlanguage.Tocommunicateonaday-to-daybasis--toorderameal,tobookaroom--there'snolanguageassimpleasEnglish."Research,though,suggeststhatpeoplearelikelytofindalanguageeasierorhardertolearnaccordingtohowsimilaritistotheirnativetongue,intermsofthingslikewordorder,gramm
6、aticalstructure,andcognatewords.AstheresearcherTerenceOdlinnotedinhisbookLanguageTransfer(1989),thedurationoffull-timeintensivecoursesgiventoEnglish-speakingU.S.foreign-servicepersonnelamountstoaroughmeasurementofhowdifferent,intheseways,otherlanguagesarefromEnglish.Todayth
7、ecoursesforforeign-serviceemployeeswhoneedtolearnGerman,Italian,French,Spanish,orPortugueselasttwenty-fourweeks.ThoseforemployeeslearningSwahili,Indonesian,orMalaylastthirty-sixweeks,andforpeoplelearninglanguagesincludingHindi,Urdu,Russian,andHungarian,forty-fourweeks.Arabi
8、c,Chinese,Japanese,andKoreantakeeighty-eightweeks.Notethatalltheworld'sothercommon
