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1、现在分词Page2of2一、现在分词:在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。现在分词主动被动一般(not)doing(not)beingdone完成(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone二、现在分词的基本用法1.作表语:表主语的特征。如amusing,discouraging,puzzling,refreshing,astonishing。2.作定语:(1).表示主动的、进行的状态:Thegirlwearingblueskirtismysister.=Thegirlwhois
2、wearingblueskirtismysister.(比较:Thefactorybeingbuiltnowisabigone.)(2).说明被修饰词的性质和特征:Thisisaninterestingstory.(3).相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开:Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.(4).与adv./n.构成复合词作定语:Th
3、isisanEnglish-speakingcountry.3.作状语:表示主动的、进行的状态,其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是,需在v.-ing形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语:Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)(1).原因状语:Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,shehadtostayhome.(2).时间状语:Seeingtheirteachercoming,thestudentsstop
4、pedtalking.如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while:Whilewaitingfortheplane,IhadalongtalkwithSimon.(3).条件状语:Workingharder,you'llbeNo.1inyourclass.(4).让步状语:Weighingalmosttwohundredkilograms,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(5).结果状语:Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts
5、.(6).伴随状语:Hesatbythedesk,begging.注意:Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.由此可知伴随状语的特点:①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7).方式状语:Followingtheirteacher,thestudentsenteredtheroomquietly.4.作宾补:表示主动的、进行的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系:Weallfoundhiseq
6、uipmentinteresting.(主表关系)/IsawMarygoingupstairsthen.(主谓关系)三、现在分词的两个基本特点1.在时间上表示动作正在进行:adevelopingcountry,boilingwater,risingsun(比较:adevelopedcountry,boiledwater,risensun)2.在语态上表示主动:therulingclass统治阶级,theexploitingclass剥削阶级(比较:theruledclass被统治阶级,theexploited
7、class被剥削阶级)四、独立主格结构(AbsolutePhrase)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Alecturetobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.(原因)Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(条件)H
8、ewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead. (伴随)Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.(结果)Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.(时间)Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.(结果)Theboygo